STL2STM2BookC_StringPrint_SetupTPrintStartupSound_TabLISTBook_PrefsAct List Scene Drawing_Model Draw_Specs diagram_struct_arrayDependentsScriptPad_ListManuscriptPlayPlay_PrefsModelSubscript_Set_ListSubscript_SetArraySimulation_ModelRun_Specsentity_struct_arrayentity_structint16_arraydouble_arraytoken_type_arraytoken_type run_handle_array!Draw_Index"Module_Name#Poster_Info$queue%Units&diagram_struct'Point_array(movie_attach)Picture_Tab*Pad+Button_Type,Condition-Play_Where.Movie_Tab/Model_Index0Model_Index_array1slider_type2Log_Condn3Log_Page4gf_type5Dependent_Entry6graph_type7curve_type_array8curve_type9Model_Template:AliasRecord;Pathname<Panel=Sector_Specs>SET?Sense_Setup@select_struct_arrayAallow_struct_arrayBPicture_arrayCsense_select_arrayDEntity_Controller_MapESection_ListFFont_MapGFont_Map_Record_ArrayHFont_Map_RecordIWindow_ListJModel_WindowKPad_WindowLTImportExportM@@aT,TVTdTS׊Z68TxxHHLX HHLd' [ od * ,,STrT     dTLS    JJ   drmd   3T2@@1S:TMMla&aPP??"2  "VüSM( M{( d989ctM ~'8^{N(1 Dim_Name_1 Gjj@@@?@::TimeD:2E 0@@@???@@@?@@@@???@@?@@ total_area1black_daisy_area + white_daisy_area + Empty_Area-,.      !" #$%&s@) 0@yU??|??|?@) 0@yU@"t<(F@y0????@f⏾@y0?@y0white_daisy_area403 ,6   !" #$%&s@p!)F@J(5??ϲ~BD?!ͩ?ϲ~BD?!ͩ@p!)F@J(5@M?܎ @p????@1+@p?@pblack_daisy_area271 -6++ !" #$%&s @w\/@s|>H~"??@w\/@s|>H~"@t{@t`???@t`?@t` Empty_Area326 . + F!" #$%&c ?333333?333333?@ =p@ =p@ =p@ =p?333333?333333?333333?333333I?????333333??333333 decay_rate.3   ?33 3333!J An average decay of 30%/year which is the value by Lovelock on page 287." #$%&f )?????white_pruning*MIN(white_prune_request,white_daisy_area)1 1   !" #$%&f @T[1@/9d@Y??@T[1@/9d@Y@1T @TS33333???@TS33333@TS33333 black_decayblack_daisy_area*decay_rate     !" #$%&f @gm9@^$B??@gm9@^$B@fia3I@^9???@^9@^9 white_decaywhite_daisy_area*decay_rate     !" #$%&f ) ?????black_pruning*MIN(black_daisy_area,black_prune_request)0  0  !" #$%&f )@h8r0@^??@h8r0@^@fCھa'@^???@^ @^ white_growth*white_daisy_area*actual_white_growth_rate*   *  !" #$%&c?Wi8_A? ˭1???+tR??+tR?Wi8_A? ˭1?2,L?/w-?????/w? ?/wgrowth_reduction_multiplierEmpty_Area/1000)*     !.I presume that some empty area must be available for either the white daisys or the black daisys to grow. This multiplier eliminates growth if the empty area is zero. The shape of the multiplier is linear based on the inclusion of x, the empty area, in equation 1 on page 285 of Watson & Lovelock. " #$%&c??IW!|?s E???󉳂?? a?IW!|?s E?Tߐ?XF?????XF? ?XFindicated_white_growth_rate@growth_rate_@_optimum_temp*white_growth_rate_mult_from_temp_dev *     !" #$%&c???WTB ??l,W?t`?$X?t`??WTB ?&x?nII?????nII? ?nIIindicated_black_growth_rate@growth_rate_@_optimum_temp*black_growth_rate_mult_from_temp_dev )     !" #$%&c???????????`?????? ?growth_rate_@_optimum_temp1   !aFrom eqt 3 on page 285 of Watson & Lovelock, the maximum value of Beta appears to be 1.0 or 100%/year. This rate occurs when the local temperature is 22.5 degrees. But Zeng's paper calls this parameter "C", the coupling constant. They note on page 315 that "C" is the most important parameter.... and they deal with values ranging from 1.0 to 4.0. " #$%&c  @4@>@6@6?@6@6@6@6@6@6@6@6=????@6?@6 optimum_tempselect_1_of_9_varieties XX?@@@@@@@ @"@$@4@4@6@9@4@6@9@4@6@9@9  !>Page 285 of Watson and Lovelock shows 22.5 degrees in eqt. 3." #$%&c$! ?IW!|?s E???󉳂?? a?IW!|?s E?Tߐ?XF?????XF??XF%white_growth_rate_mult_from_temp_dev"MAX(0,1-.003265*white_temp_dev^2)8 0  - ?j3  W 8      !This is the parabolic relationship shown in eqt. 3 on page 285 of Watson and Lovelock. It would be nice to name the .003265 and eliminate the use of a MAX. Maybe a table would be more appropriate?" #$%&c(@A6疮@0`]0@>@4@==@/ǹ@==@B@>@4@1A":@1uwb.)????@1uwb.)?@1uwb.)temp_near_whites)planet_average_temp-white_cooling_effect     !" #$%&c @'۞Zr@?@KhpH@Kh2%a@'۞Zr@wHL*"uGG\????*"uGG\?*"uGG\white_temperature_devtemp_near_whites-optimum_temp8#     !" #$%&c$ % ??WTB ??l,W?t`?$X?t`??WTB ?&x?nIIN?????nII??nII%black_growth_rate_mult_from_temp_dev!MAX(0,1-.003265*black_tem_dev^2)9 0  - ?j3  W 9      !OThis is the parabolic relationship in eqt. 3, page 285 of Watson and Lovelock." #$%&c'@5-]@ ;?@1=@ oĀ@1=! J9G@5-]@ ;@ 귴@݊????@݊?@݊black_temperature_devtemp_near_blacks-optimum_temp"9     !" #$%&c()@F6疮@:`]0?@Cm@9c@Cm@+<@F6疮@:`]0@;A":@;uwb.)????@;uwb.)?@;uwb.)temp_near_blacks)planet_average_temp+black_warming_effect     !" #$%&!c0,@Cck@2"?@CՑxp@"4@@!a@Sa@Cck@2"@3~ӝ@5́????@5́?@5́planet_average_temp1(((9.17E5*absorbed_luminosity)/5.67e-5)^.25)-2732< ( A+   / ? % *[  ^ ?    !This formulate taken from Eldon's implementation, and it looks like the 1/4th root less 273 degrees comes from eqt 4 on page 285 of the Watson and Lovelock paper." #$%&cF/ ?.-? 3Ht?? k.%?? k.%??.-? 3Ht?jJ~?Vu(?????Vu??Vuplanet's_average_albedoGfr_black*black_albedo+fr_white*white_albedo+fr_empty*empty_area_albedo -,., -   ,    .    !)eqt 5 on page 285 of Watson and Lovelock" #$%&c  ?0?????????????????? white_albedoselect_1_of_9_varieties ?@@@@@@@ @"@$????????333333?333333?333333?333333  !white reflect more--see p. 285" #$%&c  ?1??????????? ??????? black_albedoselect_1_of_9_varieties ?@@@@@@@ @"@$????????ٙ?ٙ?ٙ?ٙ  ! see page 285" #$%&c4??????????? ???????empty_area_albedo0.5   ? ! see page 285" #$%&c?@d/ʞ^@??@@iC1@@iC1@d/ʞ^@?@@\(\i????@\(\?@\(\white_cooling_effect20*white_albedo_difference     !jTaken from Eldon's implementation. Looks like the linear approximatio in eqt 7 where q' ends up at 20. " #$%&c,=?!?n ??}?ܱeQ*ؒ?}?(?!?n ?ŌÌ?S?????S??Sabsorbed_luminosity-solar_luminosity*(1-planet's_average_albedo)      !" #$%&c$A?20???????20??ի\ X?Ƨ,?????Ƨ,??Ƨ,white_albedo_difference%white_albedo-planet's_average_albedo     !" #$%&c$D?A\[?@f??<\K??<\K??A\[?@f? (*?1&?????1&??1&black_albedo_difference%planet's_average_albedo-black_albedo     !" #$%&cI@s%@Ѐ5a?@s^h@@s^h@@s%@Ѐ5a@ :s2010) then 1.25 else 1.00      : ?   !" #$%&c!X ?????????????&?solar3"if (time>2010) then 0.75 else 1.00      : ?   !" #$%&c@Y@???@?@??????'?solar4time (@@@h@@@(???@@  !" #$%&ce?????????????(?solar11 !" #$%&c7 ??'?ýa#????'?ýa#?ӹoA7L?0[t?????0[t??)?0[t?actual_black_growth_rate8indicated_black_growth_rate*growth_reduction_multiplier +     !" #$%&c7 ?ֳ@?/\|-???ֳ@?/\|-?1D3?"4r?????"4r??*?"4r?actual_white_growth_rate8indicated_white_growth_rate*growth_reduction_multiplier       !" #$%&f )@T]SKk@,hO\?~??@T]SKk@,hO\?~@2@TP0v???@TP0v+@TP0v black_growth*black_daisy_area*actual_black_growth_rate)   )  !" #$%&c7??k{?ٸX;>????k{?ٸX;>?NI?n????n?,?n fr_whitewhite_daisy_area/total_area     !" #$%&c9?_]rD????_]rD??_2?XbM????XbM?-?XbM fr_blackblack_daisy_area/total_area     !" #$%&cs?Wi8_?? ˭1???Wi8_?? ˭1?2,L?/w????/w?.?/w fr_emptyempty_area/total_area/     !" #$%&c t?)h?KcP`???)h?KcP`?fi?hr ????hr ?/?hr fr_with_flowers 1-fr_empty.   .  !" #$%&c?????? 0black_prune_request05 !" #$%&c?????? 1white_prune_request05 !" #$%&c$@$@$$??@$$?Ѐ@A44???@A44? 2@A44points_from_tempplanet_average_temp4@"@&@*@.@1@3@5@7@9@;@=@?@@@A@B@C@D$$$$@@$@$@$@$$$$ !" #$%&s@eÔ(¼@Y@y@eÔ(¼@Y@y@e FK@Y???@Y?3@Ycumulative_score1004 d!" #$%&b$@$$??@$$?󄼉P΀@A44???@A444@A44this_years_score%points_from_temp+pruning_points_lost253  2 5  !" #$%&c/??????5pruning_points_lost0-1*(black_prune_request+white_prune_request)/20014    0 1     !" #$%&E #@o@]Q;??@o@]Q;@ =$B@???@?6@flowered_area$black_daisy_area + white_daisy_area     !" #$%&c\?????????????7? use_lag?189 !" #$%&cN @ SEi??@ SEiu"Wo*"uGG\???*"uGG\?8*"uGG\white_temp_devOif (use_lag?=1) then lagged_value_of_white_temp_dev else white_temperature_dev7#$ 7     #   !" #$%&c N @-Xf)@jq0??@-Xf)@jq0@v樑@݊???@݊?9@݊black_tem_devOif (use_lag?=1) then lagged_value_of_black_temp_dev else black_temperature_dev7"$ 7     "   !" #$%& Z `"   O"'aNkDkc()*+,bbAn n& n -./Stop0#1 " # ' D9f@A,TWx()* Graph 1+21 '@>@KwKl()*+2hh ?@"@?{ ?0 #34." #" #1 ' D@zh()*Graph 5+\1 '@<I@RV j()*+2?@??{!?0!#34." #" #1 ' t@g o()*Daisyworld Simulator+1 'NDb j()*+,A@ n n -./Run for 2 years0#1 " # '' D @ zD()*bar chart of temperatures+N1 'R4P ()*+2{?0#34." #" #1 'R f ()*+2{?0#34." #" #1 'J4gc ()*+2@y{0?00#34." #" #1 'Jec_.r ()*+2@y{1?01#34." #" #1 'ND  ()*+, A% n n -.( " #/New Screen for More Graphs0#1 " # 'N D % -()*+,A%f n~ n -./Run for 2 years0#1 " # 'N8)D8)_ 0!g()*+, A% n n -.( " #/Return to Main Screen0#1 " # ' t@4< ()*More Results on Temperatures+1 'R@w(()*+2{2?02#34." #" #1 'N;D;/37()*+,A8Fo n0 -./Temperature Infop 1st: the planet average temperature--this depends on the absorbed luminosity for the entire planet. 2nd: temp near blacks -- this is a local temperature. It influences the growth rate of the black daisies 3rd: temp near whites -- this is a local temperature. It influences the growth rate of the white daisies. 4th optimum temperature -- the temperature that produces the most rapid growth in the flowers. It is the same for both black and white daisies, and it will remain constant over the simulation. But the optimum temperature may change if you begin a new simulation with a different variety of flowers. 0#1 " # '''G$@` ()*+5(($@$|  {2@"@&@*@.@1@3@5@7@9@;@=@?@@@A@B@C@D$$$$@@$@$@$@$$$$02#1 'Z=@p   p()*+2@@i@Y@{6?06#34." #" # ''''''N'D'()*+,A!t n n -./Run for 2 years0#1 " # 'N6HD6H` .@h()*+,bA. n n -.( " #/Return to main screen0#1 " # 'NoDog()*+,A99Z-n -./Solar ScenariosWelcome to the daisyworld protection exercise. Your goal is to learn if daisyworld can be designed to sustain life in the face of massive uncertainties in solar luminosity. Solar luminosity has been constant at 1.0 in the past, and one scenario envisions that it will remain at 1.0 in the future. This is the "no crisis" scenario, the first of four possible scenarios: #1 no crisis (lum. constant at 1.0) #2 heat shock (lum. jumps to 1.25 in 2010) #3 cold shock (lum. drops to 0.75 in 2010) #4 heat trend (lum. climbs to 2.0 by ) You initiate each simulation by selecting 1 of the 4 solar scenarios and by selecting 1 of 9 varieties of daisies to occupy the world. (Click on the ? buttons for information on the scenarios or the varieties.) 0#1 " # 'ND()*+,AL9Z9bwvn -./Running the Modelc Click the "Run for 2 years" button to begin the simulation. Once underway, you may alter the mix of flowers through pruning. The prune request controls are measured in acres/year, but remember that your request will apply over a two year interval. You are free to submit as many requests as you like, but you will lose points with each new request.0#1 " # 'ND ()*+,A993RnW -./Keeping ScoreThe score keeper combines points earned from the planet's average temperature with the points lost from pruning to generate an annual score. You are given 100 points at the start of the simulation, and you can earn 10 points for every year that the average temperature is close to 25 degrees. If you manage to do this for 40 years, you would earn 400 points for a cumulative score of 500 points by the end of the simulation. Let the "cumulative score" serve as an indicator of your ability to design and manage daisy world. The higher the cumulative score, the better. Be watchfull of the "flower area" warning light, however. It will flash yellow if there are less than 200 acres of flowers. 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