B

Bane, A. (1972) Flat Pattern Design. McGraw-Hill Book Company.

ABSTRACT: This book discusses four distinct purposes of the study of flat pattern. First, the most practical purpose is its application to better understanding and use of commercial patterns. This allows the reader knowledge to make far more complicated and effective pattern alterations. Second, a woman with a problem figure can save hours of alterations, basting and fitting by making her own patterns from a basic pattern fitted to her figure. Third, a creative person whose interests and talents lie in the costume arts will want to design her own wardrobe just for the fun of it. Fourth, this course will be of use to the major in textiles and clothing who is training to work as a designer in the garment industry. The author approached this study with emphasis on the individual figure problems of women who need or want to make their own patterns.

Bane, A. (1974) Tailoring. McGraw-Hill Book Company. New York.

ABSTRACT: This book covers pattern sizing, pattern alterations, fitting and construction and pressing. The information on pattern sizing and measurement standards of the Pattern Fashion Industry have been updated in this edition, and is in better perspective now. The chapter on pattern alteration includes alteration advise and alternative methods. In the chapter on fitting, the use of making a muslin is greatly stressed. This edition has been greatly enlarged and improved for the past editions, to better help in the problems of garment fit.



Bangs, K. J. (1994). Body weight and physical challenge: Possible effects on attractive and responsibility attributions. College of William and Mary.

ABSTRACT: (None)

KEYWORDS: Body weight


Banks, N. J. (1989). Measurement of body image in the normal weight and obese female: A follow-up study. Unpublished master's thesis, University of Kansas.

ABSTRACT: (None)

KEYWORDS: Body weight


Barak, Y., Sirota, P., Tessler, M., & Achiron, A. (1994). Body esteem in Israeli university students. Israel Journal of Psychiatry and Related Sciences, 31(4), 292-295.

ABSTRACT: The study administered the Body Esteem Scale (BES) to 203 female and 173 male Israeli undergraduates to establish the baseline ratings of BES in Israel. These ratings were compared with the ratings established for 633 female and 311 male US undergraduates. The results suggest that differences between US and Israeli subjects' body esteem may reflect aspects of social change related to a differing life-cycle in the two countries.

KEYWORDS: Body esteem; Body image; Cross-cultural differences; Female vs. male college students


Barchrach, J. (1983). The height report: A tall woman's handbook. Kansas City: Andrews and McMeel.

ABSTRACT: (None)

KEYWORDS: Body size; Stature


Barcus, S. M. (1990). Body cathexis and the ideal female figure of Black and White college females. Unpublished master's thesis, Ball State University.

ABSTRACT: (None)

KEYWORDS: Ideal body ; Body image; Self-perception

Bardack, N. R.; McAndrew, F. T. (1985). The influence of physical attractiveness and manner of dress on success in a simulated personnel decision. Journal of Social Psychology; Vol. 125(6) 777-778. Knox College.

ABSTRACT: 119 male and 107 female undergraduates indicated whether a job candidate of low, average, or high attractiveness who was appropriately or inappropriately dressed for an interview should be hired. Both attractiveness and dress influenced the decision, with attractiveness being weighted more heavily. Compared with males, females were less inclined to hire the unattractive candidate who did not dress well.


Bartell, J. A. (1952). A comparison between body build and body size with respect to certain sociophysical factors among high school boys. Unpublished doctoral dissertation, University of Pittsburgh.

ABSTRACT: (None)

KEYWORDS: Body size; Somatotypes; Teenage boys; Body build


Barter, J. T. (1957). Estimation of the mass of body segments. Ohio: Wright Air Development Center, Air Research and Development Command.

ABSTRACT: (None)

KEYWORDS: Body mass; Anthropometry


Baum, C. (1983). Psychological and social factors associated with adolescent obesity. Doctoral dissertation, University of Georgia.

ABSTRACT: It has been argued tha the greatest hazards of odesity, particularly in childhood and adolescence, are not medical, but are psychological and social. A theoretical framework has been proposed by previous authors understanding the relationships between physical appearence and psychosocial funcioning, called the dynamic interaction model. ...(abridged)

KEYWORDS: Body image; Weight satisfaction; Childhood obesity


Baumgartner, R. N. (1993). Body composition in elderly persons: A critical review of needs and methods. Progress in Food and Nutrition Science, 17(3), 223.

ABSTRACT: (None)

KEYWORDS: Body; Body composition; Elderly


Beckett, M. B. (1983). The relationship between body size and strength in young women and men. Unpublished master's thesis, San Diego University.

ABSTRACT: (None)

KEYWORDS: Body size; Muscle strength


Beckett, K. (1995, August). Body and style. Longevity, 7, 54.

ABSTRACT: (None)

KEYWORDS: Body; Style


Beebe, D. M. (1995). The attention to body shape scale: A new measure of body focus. Journal of Personality Assessment, 65(3), 486-501.

ABSTRACT: Three experiments with a total of 167 females and 22 male undergraduates present preliminary reliability and validity studies of the Attention to Body Shape Scale (ABS). Results indicated that women were more body-focused than were men. High scores on the ABS were associated with body image distortion. Contrary to predictions, the ABS failed to moderate impact of induced anxiety on body image on two of three measures.

KEYWORDS: Body shape


Bell, W. (1987). Body size, shape, body composition, and aerobic power during growth and development: a longitudinal study of physically active boys 12 to 16 years of age. Doctoral dissertation, University of Wales.

ABSTRACT: This thesis has analysed the results of a longitudinal stufy between active and sedentary boys between the ages of 12 and 16 years. Measurements were taken of body size, shap, body composition, and estimated maximal oxygen uptake. ... (abridged)

KEYWORDS: Fitness; Growth and Development


Bell, W. (1987). Body size, body composition, and aerobic power during growth and development: a longitudinal study of physically active boys 12-16 years of age. Doctoral dissertation, University of Wales(United Kingdom).

ABSTRACT: This thesis has analysed the results of a longitudinal study between active and sedentary boys between the ages of 12 and 16 years. Measurements were taken of body size, shape (Heath-Carter somatype), body composition (density), and estimated maximal oxygen uptake.
Peak velosity and the age at which it occured were determined for height, weight, fat-free mass, fat mass, and maximal oxygen uptake using incremental and polynomial techniques. No significant differences were found between active and sedentary boys. ...(abridged)
Heart rates at an oxygen uptake of 1.5 1/min were lower in active than sedentary boys, reflecting indirectly the superior fitness levels of active boys.

KEYWORDS: Body size; Body shape; Body composition; Height; Weight; Fat-free mass/fat mass


Belling, L. R. (1992). The relationship between social physique anxiety and physical activity. Unpublished master's thesis, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill.

ABSTRACT: (None)

KEYWORDS: Body; Physical activity; Body image; Exercise


Bemben, M. G., Massey, B. H., Bemben, D. A., & Boileau, R. A. (1995). Age-related patterns in body composition for men aged 20-79 years. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 27(2), 264.

ABSTRACT: (None)

KEYWORDS: Body; Body composition


Ben-Tovim, D. I., Walker, M. K., Murray, H., & Chin, G. (1990). Body size estimates: Body image or body attitude measures. International Journal of Eating Disorders, 9(1), 57-67.

ABSTRACT: Estimates of body width and depth did not correlate significantly with the measured sizes of the body parts. Body estimates, untransformed by real sizes, were found to be closely related to certain attitudes towards the body, especially to feelings that the body was too fat and a source of stigma. Estimates were also significantly influenced by the posture adopted during the measuring process.

KEYWORDS: Body size; Body measurements; Self-esteem; Body image


Ben-Tovim, D. I., & Walker, M. K. (1991). Women's body attitudes: A review of measurement techniques. International Journal of Eating Disorders, 10(2), 155-167.

ABSTRACT: A study that was designed to assess the range of women's attitudes toward their own bodies and to examine the application of available instruments to anorexic, bulimic, and other clinical populations. Instruments reviewed include the Body Cathexis Scale; Eating Disorders Inventory; Food, Fitness, and Looks Questionnaire; Body Shape Questionnaire; and Draw A Person.

KEYWORDS: Self-esteem; Body image ; Projective techniques; Body shape; Body cathexis


Ben-Tovim, D. I., & Walker, M. K. (1994). The influence of age and weight on women's body attitudes as measured by the body attitudes questionnaire (BAQ). Journal of Psychosomatic Research, 38(5), 477-481.

ABSTRACT: The study measured the influence of age and weight on the body-related attitudes of a community sample of 1,225 South Australian females, aged 13-65 years. Attitudes were found not to vary substantially with age. Only the Feeling Fat, Body Disparagement, and Lower Body Fatness sub-scales of the BAQ correlated with the Body Mass Index (BMI), while the effect of BMI on attitudes was independent of age. Body attitudes appear to be substantially independent of the current physical body.

KEYWORDS: Body weight; Body image


Ben-Tovim, D. I., & Walker, M. K. (1995). Body image, disfigurement and disability. Journal of Psychosomatic Research, 39(3), 283.

ABSTRACT: (None)

KEYWORDS: Body; Body image


Bender, P. R. (1972). The estimate of body dimensions battery: An objective assessment of perceived body size. Unpublished master's thesis, McGill University.

ABSTRACT: (None)

KEYWORDS: Body size; Body dimension


Bennet, K. (1991). Adult body image. Nottingham: Department of Adult Education, University of Nottingham.

ABSTRACT: (None)

KEYWORDS: Body image


Bennett, V. D. C. (1977). An investigation of the relationships among children's self concept, achievement, intelligence, body size and the size of their figure drawing. Unpublished doctoral dissertation, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey.

ABSTRACT: (None)

KEYWORDS: Body size; Draw-a-person test


Benzel, N. B. (1994). The relationship between physical activity and self-efficacy in older adults. Unpublished master's thesis, University of North Carolina, Greensboro.

ABSTRACT: (None)

KEYWORDS: Self-esteem; Self-efficacy


Berg, G. J. (1968). Relationship between selected body measurements and success in the standing broad jump. Unpublished master's thesis, Washington State University, Pullman.

ABSTRACT: (None)

KEYWORDS: Body size; Body measurement


Berk, B. (1993). Body image and pregnancy: Bridging the mind-body connection, a guide for a health care professionals. Journal of Perinatology: Official Journal of The California Perinatal Association, 13(4), 300-304.

ABSTRACT: (None)

KEYWORDS: Body; Body image; Pregnancy

Berkowitz, K. S. (1980). Judgments of body size and body satisfaction. Unpublished doctoral dissertation, Case Western Reserve University.

ABSTRACT: (None)

KEYWORDS: Body size; Body satisfaction

Berry, T. H. (1963). Cases of Mobile fitting of patterns for clothing construction. Unpublished doctoral dissertation. Columbia University.

ABSTRACT: (none)

Bertherat, T. (1979). The body has its reasons: Anti-exercise and self-awareness. New York: Avon Books.

ABSTRACT: (None)

KEYWORDS: Body image; Exercise


Beser, E., Aydemir, V., & Bozkaya, H. (1994). Body mass index and age at natural menopause. Gynecologic and Obstetric Investigation, 37(1), 40.

ABSTRACT: (None)

KEYWORDS: Body; Body mass index


Beunen, G. U., Leuven, B., Malina, R. M., Lefevre, J., Claessens, B., & Lysens, R. (1994). Size, fatness, and relative fat distribution of males of contrasting maturity status during adolescence and as adults. International Journal of Obesity and related metabolic disorders: Journal of the International Association for the Study of Obesity, 18(10), 670-678.

ABSTRACT: The somatic characteristics of boys of contrasting biological maturity status during adolescence are compared at 13-18 years and at 30 years of age. There were no differences in skinfolds on the extremities. None of the differences in somatic dimensions and ratios among the three contrasting maturity groups are significant at 30 years of age except those for subscapular skinfold and the trunk/extremity skinfold ratio.

KEYWORDS: Body size

Bishop, E. B. (1961). Cutting to fit and fitting. Audiovisual.

ABSTRACT: Based on the book The Bishop method of clothing construction. Shows step-by-step the techniques to follow in cutting to fit and shows step-by-step the techniques to follow in cutting to fit and in fitting.



Blackman, L., Hunter, G., Hilyer, J. Harrison, P. (1988). The effects of dance team participation on female adolecence. Adolescence, 23(90), 437-448.

ABSTRACT: Eight dancers (mean age 14 yrs 10 mo) were tested once prior to and once 4 mo after dance team participation. Eight participants from physical education classes, match for age, weight, height, grade, and race, were tested once at the same time as the 2nd dance team test. Physiological tests were maximum oxygen uptake, sit-and-reach, 1-repetition maximum bench press, skinfolds, and hydrostatic weighting. The self-concept tests were Coopersmith Self-Esteem Inventory, Tennessee Self-Concept Scale, and Body Cathexis Scale. Results indicate that physical fitness is improved as a result of dance team participation; however, self-concept seems to be affected only minimally, if at all, compared with participation in physical education classes.

KEYWORDS: Body size


Bly, R. (1993). Blessings on the stomach, the body's inner furnace. Michigan Quarterly Review, 31(4), 597.

ABSTRACT: (None)

KEYWORDS: Body


Blyth, C. (1954). The influence of body composition and body type on basal and exercise metabolism.Doctoral dissertation, The university of North Carolina at Chapel Hill.

ABSTRACT: (None)

KEYWORDS: Body type ; Fitness; Exercise; Metabolism


Blyth, D. A. (1981). The effects of physical development on self-image and satisfaction with body image for early adolescent males. Research in Community and Mental Health, 2, 43-73.

ABSTRACT: The study measured the height, weight, early pubertal development and body leanness of 274 White seventh graders. Results indicated that early pubertal development had some positive effects: subjects who were growing the fastest had the highest levels of self-esteem once their weight or height were controlled.

KEYWORDS: Self-esteem


Blyth, D. A., Simmons, R. G., & Zakin, D. F. (1985). Satisfaction with body image for early adolescent females: The impact of pubertal timing within different school environments. Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 14(3), 207-225.

ABSTRACT: The study evaluated data on 210 White female sixth graders in a longitudinal study which followed the subjects from the seventh through the tenth grades. The study examined the interrelations of school environments, physical development, and social and psychological development with the incorporation these changes into body image. Results support the strength of the cultural ideal of thinness for women, but no other hypothesis had consistent support. The findings indicated the need to consider a multiplicity of factors in relation to specific body image dimensions.

KEYWORDS: Self-esteem; Body image; Adolescence


Bodel, J. (1951). Distribution and perminence of body build in adolescent boys. Doctoral dissertation, Harvard university.

ABSTRACT: (None)

KEYWORDS: Body build; adolescent boys

Bodysuit yourself. (1992). Teen; Volume 36, number 10.

ABSTRACT: (none).



Boivin, M., & Begin, G. (1989). Peer status and self-perception among early elementry school children: The case of the rejected children. Child Development, 60(3), 591-596.

ABSTRACT: The study evaluated the relations among peer status, self- and other-perceptions of social competence among 222 French-Canadian children (9-11 years). Self-esteem, self-perception in different domains (academic, social acceptance, athletic, physical appearance, and behavior/conduct), and teacher's assessments were assessed along with peer status. No difference was found between the self-perception scores of neglected and average subjects, whereas controversial subjects displayed lower self-esteem. Results are discussed in terms of their implications for the etiology of "at-risk" children.

KEYWORDS: Self-esteem; Self-perception


Bolton, B., Renfrow, N. (1979). Personality characteristics associated with aerobic exercise in adult females. Journal of personality assessment, 43(5), 504-508.

ABSTRACT: Using an index of aerobic conditioning, 27 adult females joggers and 25 nonexercisers were identifies. During individual interviews basic demographic data were odtained, and blood pressure, vital capacity, resting pulse rate and body fat were measured. All Ss completed form A of the 16 PF. Significant differences occurred on 2 primary factors and 1 secondary dimension of the 16 PF. The probability of 3 marginal significant differences out of 24 comparisons is well withing the range of expected chance fluctuation. Thus, data provide no evidence that personality characteristics are predisposing factors in the adoption of an aerobic jogging program by young adult female. The only significant training effect was lower pulse rate. Results are compared to those of a previous investigaion of male joggers.

KEYWORDS: Personality; Aerobic exercise; Adult females


Bond, S., & Cash, T. F. (1992). Black beauty: Skin color and body images among African-American college women. Journal of Applied Socio-Psychology, 22(11), 874-888.

ABSTRACT: The study examined the role of color as it pertained to various body image measures among 66 light, medium, and dark-skinned Black college females (aged 18-37 yrs). Those who desired a different skin tone favored being lighter more than being darker. Black females and medium-toned Black females held personal ideals that were significantly lighter than their self-perceived color. The majority of subjects believed that Black men found light skin most attractive.

KEYWORDS: Body image; Skin anatomy; Social-perception; Self-perception


Bookstein, F. L. (1978). The measurement of biological shape and shape change. New York: Springer-Verlag.

ABSTRACT: (None)

KEYWORDS: Body shape; Body size; Morphology-Mathematics


Boris, H. N. (1993). Body self and psychological self. The Psychoanalytic Review, 80(2), 313.

ABSTRACT: (None)

KEYWORDS: Body


Borms, J. (1965). Relationships between selected maturity, physique, body size and motor factors and the gross and relative strength of ten, thirteen, and sixteen year old boys. Unpublished master's thesis, University of Oregon.

ABSTRACT: (None)

KEYWORDS: Body size; Anthropometry


Bothwell, J. H. (1988). The effects of an aerobic exercise program on self-concept, health locus-of-control, and health-related behaviors of Zuni Indians. Unpublished doctoral dissertation, The Fielding Institute.

ABSTRACT: The study was designed to determine (1) the effects of participation in an aerobics exercise program on the variables of self-concept, health locus of control, and health-related behaviors of Zuni Indians, (2) significant differences between exercisers and decliners on these variables. Subjects were 43 women and 6 men who enrolled in a 12-week aerobic dance program. Weight loss was found to be a factor in only two of the six significant scores, supporting the hypothesis that exercise made a significant impact on the self-concept of finishers, regardless of weight lost.

KEYWORDS: Body weight; Self-concept


Boucher, L. S. (1986). Interests and other psychological correlates of various actual and perceived body weights. Unpublished master's thesis, University of Massachussets, Amherst.

ABSTRACT: (None)

KEYWORDS: Body size; Body weight


Boudreau, J. A. L. (1988). Women with mastectomies and reconstructive surgery: Body satisfaction, self-esteem, depression, life satisfaction and outlook. Dissertation Abstracts International, 49(02), 537B, California School of Professional Psychology, Fresno.

ABSTRACT: Differences in body satisfaction, self-esteem, depression, life-satisfaction, and outlook in four groups of women were investigated using the Body Cathexis Scale (Secord and Jourard, 1953), the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale (1965), the Beck Depression Inventory (Beck et al., 1961), the Life Satisfaction Inventory-A (Neugarten et al., 1961), and the Outlook Scale (Ferman & Aiken, 1964). Women who did not have a history of cancer or a mastectomy (N=61), women with mastectomies who were not consulted regarding reconstruction (N=37), women who had consulted (N=37), and women with reconstruction (N=41) were assessed with these scales as well as a demographic questionnaire. It was suggested that women with mastectomies for cancer were able to adjust to the loss of a breast by making"downward comparisons," thereby enabling them to deny feelings of helplessness and hopelessness, and that these women felt in control by virtue of making various choices regarding reconstruction.

KEYWORDS: Body satisfaction; Self-esteem; Mastectomies


Boyce, R. W. (1975). Estimation of body density and lean body weight in 25 to 37 year old females using selected anthropometric measurements. Unpublished doctoral dissertation, The Florida State University.

ABSTRACT: (None)

KEYWORDS: Body weight; Body density; Anthropometric measurements


Boyd, M. A. (1989). Living with overweight. Perspectives in Psychiatric Care, 25(3-4), 48-52.

ABSTRACT: A study administered to 20 women to assess their beliefs and attitudes about overweight. The subjects redefined their negative experiences into more positive and realistic ones that included recognizing additional sources of stress that contributed to low self-esteem and negative body image.

KEYWORDS: Self-esteem; Body awareness; Obesity


Brace, K. D. (1991). Women's body images: The impact of alcohol/drug abuse on body cathexis scores. Psychology A Journal of Human Behavior, 28(2), 27-32.

ABSTRACT: The study was designed to measure the body images of women classified by self-report as abusers or nonabusers of alcohol and/or drugs by using modified Body Cathexis Scale. Subjects were 18 college student nonabusers of alcohol (mean age 29 years) and 18 drug/alcohol abusers (mean age 37 years) who were enrolled in a treatment program. Findings suggest that counselors working with women alcohol/drug abusers need to encourage more appreciation of physical appearance as part of the recovery process.

KEYWORDS: Body cathexis; Body image; Alcohol/drug abuse


Brannon, E. (1987, September). Pattern size selection made sew easy. Circular HE-Alabama Cooperative Extension Service, 472, 4.

ABSTRACT: (None)

KEYWORDS: Body size; Clothing design; Pattern alterations; Body measurements


Braudy, L. (1993). In my fifties. Michigan Quarterly Review, 31(4), 638.

ABSTRACT: A special issue: The male body (part one)

KEYWORDS: Body


Brenner, D., & Hindsdale, G. (1978). Body build stereotypes and self-identification in three age groups of females. Adolescence, 8(52), 551-561.

ABSTRACT: A study to determine the behavioral characteristics that three different age groups of females frequently associate with different body types. The study concluded that female students predominantly favor the mesomorph body profile.

KEYWORDS: Body type; Body image; Physical measurements; Overweight; Body build


Brenner, J. B., & Cunningham, J. G. (1992). Gender differences in eating attitudes, body concept, and self-esteem among models. Sex Roles, 27(7-8), 413-437.

ABSTRACT: An investigation of eating attitudes, body concept, and self-esteem (SE) among male and female professional fashion models and male and female college students who served as controls. Overall results indicated that women displayed significantly more eating-disordered behavior and lower levels of body satisfaction and SE than men. The SE between male models (MMs) and male controls didn't differ, whereas the SE among women were different. However, both women controls and women models had similar levels of eating-disordered behavior.

KEYWORDS: Self-esteem; Eating disorders; Body concept ; Body image; Body satisfaction


British Standards Institution. (1977). Size designation of clothes, definitions and body measurement procedure. London: B.S.I.

ABSTRACT: (None)

KEYWORDS: Body size; Measurement for clothing standards


Brock, L. E. (1988). The relationship of self-esteem to body image in college age women: A report of an Independent study for the division of behavioral sciences and human services. (Undergraduate research papers). Maryville College.

ABSTRACT: (None)

KEYWORDS: Self-esteem; Body image


Brodie, D. A., Lamb, K. L., & Roberts, K. (1988). Body composition and self-perceived health and fitness among indoor sports participants; Special issue: sport, leisure and ergonomics. Ergonomics, 31(11), 1551-1557.

ABSTRACT: The study was administered 2,938 male and 1,370 female sports participants from six cities in the UK who were asked to respond to a questionnaire on their health and fitness. Height and weight were used to calculate a body mass index (BMI). A comparison of the response category groups for BMI showed that adipository was associated with poorer perceptions of health and fitness.

KEYWORDS: Body mass; Body composition


Brodie, D. A., Slade, P. D., & Rose, H. (1989). Reliability measures in distorting body image. Perceptual and Motor Skills, 69(3, Pt 1), 723-732.

ABSTRACT: Using the distorting mirror (DM) and the distorting video camera (DV) with 29 healthy, normal-weight women indicates that perceived body-image is consistently overestimated and ideal body-image is consistently underestimated by both techniques.

KEYWORDS: Body weight; Body image


Brodie, D. A., Slade, P. D., & Riley, V. J. (1991). Sex differences in body image perceptions. Perceptual and Motor Skills, 72(1), 73-74.

ABSTRACT: Sex differences in the estimation of body image in 30 male and 30 female healthy university students were examined using a distorting mirror. Results suggest that men and women show similar characteristics in body-image perception, and that subjects without any form of eating disorder or psychological instability overestimate body size to a certain extent.

KEYWORDS: Body size; Body image


Brodie, D. A., Bagley, K., & Slade, P. D. (1994). Body image perception in pre- and postadolescent females. Perceptual and Motor Skills, 78(1), 147-154.

ABSTRACT: The study examined whether the process of adolescence is a contributory factor to ratings of both perceived and ideal body-image (BI). A distorting mirror and silhouette pictures were used to examine BI in two groups of 59 pre- and 41 postadolescent girls (mean age 9.3 and 14.1 years, respectively). The subjects' perception of themselves was reasonably accurate, yet both groups had a significantly slimmer mean ideal BI, irrespective of adolescent status. Scores from the mirror and the pictures question the assumption that BI dissatisfaction is a postadolescent phenomenon.

KEYWORDS: Body satisfaction; Body image


Brodowicz, G. R., Mansfield, R. A., McClung, M. R., & Althoff, S. A. (1994). Measurement of Body composition in the elderly: Dual energy x-ray absorptiometry, underwater weighing, bioelectrical impedance analysis, and anthropometry. Gerontology, 40(6), 332.

ABSTRACT: (None)

KEYWORDS: Body; Body composition; Elderly; Anthopometry


Brooks, L. O. (1989). Self-concept of the male adolescent with short stature and the male adolescent with normal stature. Unpublished master's thesis, Northwestern State University of Louisiana.

ABSTRACT: (None)

KEYWORDS: Self-esteem; Body image; Somatotropin; Child development deviations; Pediatric endocrinology

Brown, M. M. (1954). Effects of clothing on use of the arm and shoulder. Unpublished doctoral dissertation. The University of Iowa.

ABSTRACT: (none)


Brousil, P. A. (1976). The relationship of body build, ideal body image, and clothing conformity. University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland.

ABSTRACT: (None)

KEYWORDS: Ideal body; Body image; Clothing and dress; Body build


Brown, R. D. (1985). Effects of a strength training program on strength, body composition, and self-concept of females. Dissertation Abstracts Intrenational, 46(09), 2615A, Brigham Young University.

ABSTRACT: The study determined the effects of a strength training program on strength, body composition, and self-concept in young and mature women. A sample of 43 subjects completed 12 weeks of weight training, while 42 acted as controls. The mature experimental (ME) and young experimental (YE) groups showed significant (p<.05) increases in strength as compared to the control groups. The magnitude of self-concept change was the same for the ME and YE groups, indicating that this strength program had similar effects on self-esteem regardless of age.

KEYWORDS: Body weight; Body composition; Self-concept


Brown, S. W. (1991). Aerobic exercise in the Psychological treatment of adolescents. Unpublished master's thesis, University of South Alabama.

ABSTRACT: The study examined the effects of aerobic exercise in a population of clinically diagnosed adolescents. Dependent physical measures of height, weight, body mass index, and skinfolds, physiological measures of resting, exercise, and recovery heart rates, together with psychological measures of depression, anxiety, mood states, self-esteem, and self-efficacy were assessed pre, mid, and post 9-week treatment and at 4-week follow-up. Improvements on measures of recovery heart rate, depression, anxiety, hostility, confused thinking, and fatigue were shown in females in the treatment group, with increases in vigor and self-efficacy for both males and females in the treatment group.

KEYWORDS: Body weight; Aerobic exercise; Psychological treatment; Adolescents


Brown, J. H., Marquet, P. A., & Taper, M. L. (1993). Evolution of body size: Consequences of an energetic definition of fitness. The American Naturalist, 142(4), 573-584.

ABSTRACT: (None)

KEYWORDS: Body; Body size; Fitness


Brunn, A. C. (1975). A study of the relationships among self-concept, body cathexis, and sociometric status of institutionalized adolescents. Dissertation Abstracts International, 36(09), 4749B, Baylor University.

ABSTRACT: (None)

KEYWORDS: Body cathexis; Self-concept


Bruno, R. S. (1980). A fitting and sizing survey of the ground combat vehicle crewman clothing system (CVCCS). Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD: U. S. Army Human Engineering Laboratory.

ABSTRACT: (None)

KEYWORDS: Sizing; Uniform fit


Brylinksy, J. A., & Moore, J. C. (1994). The identification of body build stereotypes in young children. Journal of Research in Personality, 28(2), 170.

ABSTRACT: The study applied semantic differential procedures in the identification of body build stereotypes using 368 kindergarten children through 4th grade. Subjects rated thin, average, chubby body build drawings of children using twelve bipolar adjectives. Data reveal a more positive view of the socially desirable traits of the thin stereotype by girls than boys. The thin stereotype remains constant across age while the unfavorable perception of the chubby stereotype appears between 1st and 2nd grade.

KEYWORDS: Body cathexis; Body build


Buckbee, J. O. (1977). Categorizing bodies according to selected body measurements of width, depth, and circumference. Unpublished master's thesis, Utah State University, Logan.

ABSTRACT: (None)

KEYWORDS: Body size; Clothing and dress measurements


Budge, H. S. (1981). Dimensions of physical attractiveness: How others see us. Dissertation Abstracts International, 41(11), 4281B, The University of Utah.

ABSTRACT: The study explored the dimensions of physical attractiveness used by male and female judges when evaluating stimulus persons of both sexes. The study tested two hypotheses: (a) All body dimensions are equally significant in contributing to physical attractiveness ratings given to stimulus persons of both sexes, and (b) sexual and ideal stereotyped body images exist for each sex. Results support both hypotheses. Based on 44 physical dimensions, similarities and differences between male and female judges of male and female stimulus persons are compared.

KEYWORDS: Body cathexis; Physical attractiveness

Bull, R. (1975). Psychology, clothing and fashion: A review. Bulletin of the British Psychological Society. North East London Polytechnic, England.

ABSTRACT: Discusses the psychological significance of clothing and fashion and reviews some previous research findings. Although the importance of clothing in self-image, peer group identification, and the impression formation is evident, these topics have not been investigated in depth, and there is a paucity of experimental evidence with which to evaluate the Zeitgeist, boredom and status theories which have been advanced to account for changes in fashion.

Bunnell, D. W., Cooper, P. J., Hertz, S., & Shenker, I. R. (1992). Body shape concerns among adolescents. International Journal of Eating Disorders, 11(1), 79-83.

ABSTRACT: A body shape questionnaire (BSQ) of 5 adolescent samples (anorexia nervosa, bulimia nervosa/BN, subclinical BN, subclinical anorexia nervosa, non-eating-disordered adolescent female controls) was administered. Results show that subjects with BN had the highest levels of body dissatisfaction. Significant body shape concerns are particular features of patients with BN, but some body shape concerns are common among non-eating-disordered adolescent females.

KEYWORDS: Body shape


Burgard, D. L. (1991). Correlates of self-esteem, perceived self-control, body size acceptance and intention to lose weight in women over 200 pounds. DIssertation Abstracts International, 52(01), 557B, The Wright Institute.

ABSTRACT: Since the culturally desirable weight is "natural" only for the thinest 10% of the population (Garner et al, 1980), there remains 90% of the population whose weight exceeds the slender ideal. This study explores how women over 200 pounds are negotiating this dilemma and what its effects have been of their self-esteem, sense of self-control, acceptance of their body size, and intention to lose weight. Results showed strong positive relationships between self-esteem, perceived self-control, and intention to lose weight. The implications of the findings are discussed with regard to their refutation of the cultural belief that it is impossible to like or accept oneself if one is not slender, their challenge to assumptions about the benefits of believing that one can control one's weight, and their ilumination of possible directions for therapy with obese women.

KEYWORDS: Self-esteem; Eating disorders; Body size

Burge, I. (1974). Prediction of performance of students in college clothing construction courses. Unpublished doctoral dissertation. Iowa State University.

ABSTRACT: (none).



Burger, G. D. (1976). Self-esteem and body satisfaction as they relate to clothing attitudes: A comparison of freshmen and junior college women. Unpublished master's thesis, University of Tennessee, Knoxville.

ABSTRACT: (None)

KEYWORDS: Self-esteem


Burke, G. L., Jacobs, D. R. J., Sprafka, J. M., Savage, P. J., Sidney, S., & Wagenknecht, L. E. (1990). Obesity and overweight in young adults: The CARDIA study. Preventive medicine, 19(4), 476-488.

ABSTRACT: The association of body size with age, race, sex, and education in young adults were examined in 5,115 black and white, men and women ages 18-30 years. Associations of measures of body size with age and education differed among race/sex groups. Body mass index and skinfolds increased with age among white and black men and black women, but not among white women. The association of education with obesity was negative among white women and positive among black men with no significant association noted among white men and black women.

KEYWORDS: Body size; Obesity; Height-weight ratio; Anthropometric dimensions


Burkett, L. N., Phillips, W., & Colt, T. W. (1994). A comparison of three methods to measure percent body fat on mentally retarded adults. The Physical Educator, 51(2), 67.

ABSTRACT: (None)

KEYWORDS: Body; Body fat; Retarded adults


Bushy, A. S. (1987). Body image and self-esteem during pregnancy: A comparison of rural and urban populations. Unpublished doctoral dissertation, University of Texas, Austin.

ABSTRACT: (None)

KEYWORDS: Self-esteem; Body image


Butters, J. W. (1987). Cognitive behavioral treatment of women's body image dissatisfaction. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 55(6), 889-897.

ABSTRACT: Body image dissatisfaction is a problem that affects a substantial minority of women and cuts across various diagnostic groups. College women with a significant level of body image dissatisfaction were randomly assigned to either a cognitive-behavioral treatment (CBT) program (n=15) or to a waiting-list control group (n=16). At pretest, posttest, and seven-week follow-up, multiple aspects of body image and other areas of psychosocial fuctioning were assessed. Relative to the control condition, the CBT program successfully improved affective body image, weakened maladaptive body image cognitions, and enhanced social self-esteem and feelings about physical fitness and sexuality.

KEYWORDS: Self-esteem; Body image; Cognitive-behavioral treatment

Bye, E. k. (1991). A visual sensory evaluation of two pattern grading methods (apparel design). Unpublished doctoral dissertation. University of Minnesota.

ABSTRACT: Current apparel production methods grounded in a tradition of master-apprentice training and intuition are being challenged by knowledge that is needed to develop such computer systems is related to the visual decisions that are made to create a garment. To gain consumer response and make connections to changes in technology that go beyond current practices. Sensory evaluation provided a systematic framework for the assessment of an often intuitively perceived physical characteristic: appearance. The development of sensory test designs specified for apparel may help expand the use of this methodology.



Bye, E. K., & DeLong, M. R. (1994). A visual sensory evaluation of the results of two pattern grading methods. Clothing and Textiles Research Journal, 12(4), 1-7.

ABSTRACT: The study was aimed to determine if visual perceptual differences existed between results of pattern grading methods using traditional and proportional techniques. An expert panel evaluated visual effect of images graded across an entire size range. Results indicated neither traditional nor proportional grading maintained the visual effect referenced in the sample size across the entire size range.

KEYWORDS: Body size


Bynum, S. P. (1995). Physical activity, body image, and depression in young female adults. Unpublished master's thesis, University of Rhode Island.

ABSTRACT: (None)

KEYWORDS: Body image; Depression-mental