BODY TYPE

Proportional relationships such as relative size of shoulder, chest, waist, hip, torso and limb lengths help define different body types. Posture is a feature of body type. Both are highly impacted by genetic potential and somewhat impacted by physical activity and resultant muscle development.

Alexander, R. H. (1967). A study of body types, self-image, and environmental adjustment in freshmen college females. Unpublished doctoral dissertation, Indiana University.

ABSTRACT: (None)

KEYWORDS: Self-image; Self-perception; Body type


Anonymous. (1930). The measurement of man. Minneapolis: University of Minneapolis.

ABSTRACT: Contents include the measurement of man in the mass, normal and abnormal human types, personality and physique, and the measurement of the body in childhood.

KEYWORDS: Body mass; Anthropometry


Anonymous. (1969). Body type, height, and weight. (Transparencies). St. Paul, Minnesota: Minnesota Mining and Manufacturing, Co., Visual Products Division.

ABSTRACT: A discussion of the three body types in relation to heredity, and acceptance of physical characteristics as an asset.

KEYWORDS: Body weight; Somatotypes


Anonymous. (1970). Everybody's different. (Videotape and Videocassette).

ABSTRACT: Topics include how human beings can differ in size, shape, and color, and how some people are able to cope with physical handicaps.

KEYWORDS: Body size; Somatotype; Physically handicapped


Anonymous. (1983, October). How to determine your ideal body weight. Rx Weight Control, 1, 1.

ABSTRACT: A suggested method to determine approximate frame size involves measuring elbow breadth. The body measurement includes muscle, bone (frame size), height, and weight.

KEYWORDS: Body size; Body type; Body measurement; Body composition


Anonymous. (1988). Anthropometry and mass distribution for human analogues. Yellow Springs: Anthropology Research Project.

ABSTRACT: Anthropometric and mass distribution data for use in constructing three-dimensional human analogues-mathematical models or test dummies, are presented in this report. Included here are body dimensions, joint locations, and mass distribution properties appropriate for modeling the small, mid-size, and large male aviator. The data were derived from (a) 139 body dimensions of standing and seated males obtained by traditional anthropometric methods, (b) mass distribution data for body segments obtained by stereophotographic techniques, and (c) skeletal joint centers obtained by estimation.

KEYWORDS: Body mass; Anthropometry


Anonymous. (1989). Body and shape: Body version. (Cassette Recording). Tan-Yah.

ABSTRACT: (None)

KEYWORDS: Body shape


Anonymous. (1993, July). Find your percentage body fat. Bicycling, 34, 62.

ABSTRACT: (None)

KEYWORDS: Body fat


Anonymous. (1994). The fabric of the body: European traditions of anatomical illustration. Modern Pathology, 7(5), 581.

ABSTRACT: (None)

KEYWORDS: Body


Anonymous. (1995, February 1). Nobody's perfect: Fashion fixes for figure flaws. Family Circle, 108, 86.

ABSTRACT: Do's and don'ts, and ways to access your body type.

KEYWORDS: Body type


Arnheim, R. (1993). A God's Perfection. Michigan Quarterly Review, 31(4), 629.

ABSTRACT: A special issue: The male body (part one)

KEYWORDS: Body


Ashwell, M., Chinn, S., Stalley, S., & Garrow, J. S. (1978). Female fat distribution: A photographic and cellularity study. International Journal of Obesity, 2(3), 289-302.

ABSTRACT: A new method of classifying women according to their pattern of fat distribution. The pattern of female fat distribution as defined by the Fat Distribution score is relatively constant before and after weight loss. Standard linear-discriminate analysis of data from somatotype photography shows that the most important measurements are those of thigh and waist diameters.

KEYWORDS: Body type; Body measurement ; Weight loss; Fat cells


Barchrach, J. (1983). The height report: A tall woman's handbook. Kansas City: Andrews and McMeel.

ABSTRACT: (None)

KEYWORDS: Body size; Stature


Baumgartner, R. N. (1993). Body composition in elderly persons: A critical review of needs and methods. Progress in Food and Nutrition Science, 17(3), 223.

ABSTRACT: (None)

KEYWORDS: Body; Body composition; Elderly


Beckett, M. B. (1983). The relationship between body size and strength in young women and men. Unpublished master's thesis, San Diego University.

ABSTRACT: (None)

KEYWORDS: Body size; Muscle strength


Beckett, K. (1995, August). Body and style. Longevity, 7, 54.

ABSTRACT: (None)

KEYWORDS: Body; Style


Beebe, D. M. (1995). The attention to body shape scale: A new measure of body focus. Journal of Personality Assessment, 65(3), 486-501.

ABSTRACT: Three experiments with a total of 167 females and 22 male undergraduates present preliminary reliability and validity studies of the Attention to Body Shape Scale (ABS). Results indicated that women were more body-focused than were men. High scores on the ABS were associated with body image distortion. Contrary to predictions, the ABS failed to moderate impact of induced anxiety on body image on two of three measures.

KEYWORDS: Body shape


Berg, G. J. (1968). Relationship between selected body measurements and success in the standing broad jump. Unpublished master's thesis, Washington State University, Pullman.

ABSTRACT: (None)

KEYWORDS: Body size; Body measurement


Bly, R. (1993). Blessings on the stomach, the body's inner furnace. Michigan Quarterly Review, 31(4), 597.

ABSTRACT: (None)

KEYWORDS: Body


Bodel, J. (1951). Distribution and permanence of body build in adolescent boys. Doctoral Dissertation, Harvard university.

ABSTRACT: (None

KEYWORDS: Body build; adolescent boys


Bookstein, F. L. (1978). The measurement of biological shape and shape change. New York: Springer-Verlag.

ABSTRACT: (None)

KEYWORDS: Body shape; Body size; Morphology-Mathematics


Braudy, L. (1993). In my fifties. Michigan Quarterly Review, 31(4), 638.

ABSTRACT: A special issue: The male body (part one)

KEYWORDS: Body


Brown, J. H., Marquet, P. A., & Taper, M. L. (1993). Evolution of body size: Consequences of an energetic definition of fitness. The American Naturalist, 142(4), 573-584.

ABSTRACT: (None)

KEYWORDS: Body; Body size; Fitness


Burkett, L. N., Phillips, W., & Colt, T. W. (1994). A comparison of three methods to measure percent body fat on mentally retarded adults. The Physical Educator, 51(2), 67.

ABSTRACT: (None)

KEYWORDS: Body; Body fat; Retarded adults


Clarys, J. P., & Marfell-Jones, M. J. (1994). Soft tissue segmentation of the body and fractionation of the upper and lower limbs. Ergonomics: The Official Publication Of The Ergonomics Research Society, 37(1), 217.

ABSTRACT: (None)

KEYWORDS: Body


Craft, D. L. (1977). Competitive ability, physical size, and self-concept of physical size of selected college women field hockey players. Unpublished master's thesis, University of Wisconsin, La Crosse.

ABSTRACT: (None)

KEYWORDS: Body size


Culp, C. H. (1986). The corporate man's basic wardrobe by body type as recommended by merchants of better clothing stores. Dissertation Abstract International, A47/02, Texas Woman's University.

ABSTRACT: The purpose of the study was to develop a plan for a basic wardrobe, based on body type, for the corporate man. The study involved surveying owners and managers of men's better clothing stores to develop a descriptive profile of the stores and the respondents and to ask for the merchants' recommendations for the corporate man's basic wardrobe. Results indicate three ideal body types and basic wardrobe recommendations that correspond with each body type.

KEYWORDS: Body type; Man's basic wardrobe


Duffy, M. (1945). The HOAX fashion formula: Dress the body type you have to look like the body you want. Tucson, Arizona: The Body Press.

ABSTRACT: (None)

KEYWORDS: Body type; Clothing and dress


Ellis, K. J. (1990). Reference man and woman more fully characterized: Variations on the basis of body size, age, sex, and race. Biological Trace Element Research, 26/27, 385-400.

ABSTRACT: (None)

KEYWORDS: Body size; Body composition


Feldman, P. (1978). Body type, oral imagery and group behavior. Sate university of New York, Buffalo.

ABSTRACT: (None)

Body type


Geiger, B., & Wolff, B. (1995, February). Can you change your body type. Joe Weider's Muscle & Fitness, 56, 153.

ABSTRACT: Body-type training can transform your physique just like the pros have.

KEYWORDS: Body-type training


Hearns, J., Broida, J., & Gayton, W. (1988). Accuracy of estimations of body frame size as a function of sex and actual frame size. Perceptual and Motor Skills, 66(1), 144-146.

ABSTRACT: The study investigated the accuracy of estimation of body frame size as a function of sex and actual frame size, using 66 men and 52 women from a community adult fitness program. Data indicate that medium-frame subjects were the most likely to be accurate in their estimations of body frame size. Women were twice as likely to be accurate in their estimations as men.

KEYWORDS: Body weight; Body frame size


Howells, W. W. (1957). Variation of external body form in the individual. Cambridge, Massachusetts: Peabody Museum.

ABSTRACT: (None)

KEYWORDS: Body variation; Anthropometry


Johnson, C. (1993). A phenomenology of the Black body. Michigan Quarterly Review, 31(4), 599.

ABSTRACT: A special issue: The male body (part one)

KEYWORDS: Body


Jones, P. J. H. (1984). Whole body oxidation and absorption of dietary fatty acids in humans. Unpublished doctoral dissertation, University of Toronto, Canada.

ABSTRACT: Comparative oxidation and absorption of stearic, oleic, and linoleic acids was measured to determine the effect of the degree of dietary fatty acid unsaturation on whole body fat utilization in humans. An experimental diet designed of normal foods to contain 40% fat and a P:S ration of 0.25 was utilized throughout the studies. This diet was fed to healthy males at a level equal to estimated energy requirements. Subsequently 6 subjects were fed the test diet for 16 days. The findings indicate that the degree of long chain fatty acid unsaturation affects the rate of absorption and oxidation of dietary in humans.

KEYWORDS: Body weight; Body oxidation; Absorption of dietary fatty acids


Jorgensen, N. (1940). The determination and measurement of body build in college men. Doctoral Dissertation, University of Iowa.

ABSTRACT: (None)

KEYWORDS: Body build; Men


Kadlubek, V. M. (1983). Physical characteristics of elite female water polo players. Unpublished master's thesis, University of Nevada, Las Vegas.

ABSTRACT: (None)

KEYWORDS: Body size; Somatotype; Women water-polo athletes


Katch, V. L., & Freedson, P. S. (1982). Body size and shape: Derivation of the "HAT" frame size model. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 36(4), 669-675.

ABSTRACT: A bivariate mathematical model termed the "HAT" model for defining body frame size is presented for young males and females. The HAT model is based on the relationship between stature and the sum of biacromial and bitrochanteric diameter measurements. Results indicate that differences in men's body weight between frame size groups was primarily due to differences in lean body weight; whereas, for females, there was a small, but statistically significant, increase in fat weight per frame size and no increase in lean body weight per frame size.

KEYWORDS: Body size; Body composition; Physical measurements; Skeletal measurements


Kioka, K., Kurumatani, N., & Yonemasu, K. (1994). Recent trends in body form characteristics of young women during 10 year-cluster analysis. Nihon Eiseigaku Zasshi, 49(1), 5-33.

ABSTRACT: (None)

KEYWORDS: Body; Body form


Kirchengast, S. (1994). Intercorrelations between menstrual cycle patterns and body dimensions in Austrian women. Journal of Biosocial Science, 26(2), 207.

ABSTRACT: (None)

KEYWORDS: Body; Body dimensions; Menstrual cycle


Lin, C.-h. (1992). A cross-racial comparison of the relationship of personality traits, body mass, and physical fitness among junior high school students in Taiwan. Unpublished doctoral dissertation, Oregon State University.

ABSTRACT: (None)

KEYWORDS: Body mass; Physical fitness


Melamed, T. (1994). Correlates of physical features: Some gender differences. Personality and Individual Differences, 17(5), 689-691.

ABSTRACT: The effect of height and body mass on personality and salary based on questionnaire data collected from 208 male and 227 female British employees (aged 18-65 yrs) across different industries was examined. Results suggest that the effect of physical features on salary was not moderated by personality. Physical characteristics were not strongly related to women's career success. The ideal physique for success among men was tall with an average body mass.

KEYWORDS: Body mass; Body height; Body weight


Memmler, R. L. (1996). Study guide for structure and function of the human body. (6th ed.). Philadelphia: Lippincott.

ABSTRACT: (None)

KEYWORDS: Body; Human physiology; Problems, exercises


Mukeshi, M., & Thairu, K. (1993). Nutrition and body build: A Kenyan review. World Review of Nutrition and Dietetics, 72, 218-226.

ABSTRACT: (None)

KEYWORDS: Body build; Nutrition; Anthropometric dimensions


Naidu, A. N., & Rao, N. P. (1994). Body mass index: A measure of the nutritional situation in Indian populations. European Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 48, S131.

ABSTRACT: (None)

KEYWORDS: Body; Body mass index


Nath, S. (1993). Anthropometry: The measurement of body size, shape and form. Delhi: Friends Publications.

ABSTRACT: (None)

KEYWORDS: Body shape; Anthropometry


National Center for Health Statistics (U.S.). (1983). Weight, height, and selected body dimensions of adults, United States, 1960-1962. Washington, D.C.: U.S. Department of Health, Education, and Welfare, Public Health Service.

ABSTRACT: Age and sex distributions for weight, height, erect sitting height, normal sitting height, knee height, popliteal height, elbow rest height, thigh clearance height, buttock-knee length, buttock-poplitical length, elbow-to-elbow breadth, and seat breadth

KEYWORDS: Body weight; Anthropometry-U.S.


Nickels, M. K. (1993). Dictionary of concepts in physical anthropology. Human Biology, 65(4), 668.

ABSTRACT: (None)

KEYWORDS: Body; Physical Anthropology


O'Neill, J. (1985). Five bodies: The human shape of modern society. Ithaca: Cornell University Press.

ABSTRACT: (None)

KEYWORDS: Body shape; Social problems


Osborne, R. (1956). Hereditary and environmental factors in body build: a study of 100 pairs of adult twins. Doctoral Dissertation, Columbia university.

ABSTRACT: (None)

KEYWORDS: Body build; Hereditary; Environmental Twins


Pascale, R. W., Wing, R. R., Blair, E. H., Harvey, J. R., & Guare, J. C. (1992). The effect of weight loss on change in waist-to-hip ratio in patients with type II diabetes. International Journal of Obesity, 16(1), 59-65.

ABSTRACT: This study examined whether weight loss would alter body fat distribution in obese men and women with type II diabetes. The result indicated that subjects with greater upper body obesity at baseline did not lose more weight than subjects with less upper body obesity.

KEYWORDS: Body type; Weight losses; Body fat ; Body measurements


Prather, M. E. S. (1963). Body composition of women. Unpublished doctoral dissertation, Iowa State University.

ABSTRACT: (None)

KEYWORDS: Body weight


Quimby, R. C. (1932). Body weight in relation to certain skeletal measurements. Unpublished doctoral dissertation, New York University.

ABSTRACT: (None)

KEYWORDS: Body weight


Rosen, S. (1983). Biology workshop: Understanding the human body. New York: Learning Trends Division of Globe Book Company.

ABSTRACT: (None)

KEYWORDS: Body; Problems-exercises


Salusso-Deonier, C. J., Markee, N. L., & Pedersen, E. L. (1991). Developing realistic stimuli for assessing observers' perceptions of male and female body types. Perceptual and Motor Skills, 72(2), 603-610.

ABSTRACT: The study was designed to develop stimuli for use in research on observers' perception of male and female body types. Large samples of photographs were classified, and representative photographs were used to illustrate 4 male and 5 female body-type categories. The resultant categories represent commonly occurring body types among men and women aged 18-40 years.

KEYWORDS: Body type


Sandner, D. (1992). Development of prediction equation for the Futrex 5000 body fat analyzer for the estimation of hydrostatistically determined body density on a sample of college-age males. Unpublished master's thesis, Western Illinois University.

ABSTRACT: (None)

KEYWORDS: Body weight; Body composition


Schutz, Y. (1981). Energy and protein homeostasis in elderly men. Unpublished doctoral dissertation, University of California, Berkeley.

ABSTRACT: The total energy expenditure and its components (basal metabolic rate, dietary induced thermogenesis), the nitrogen and water balances, body composition, and physical working capacity were studied in six elderly men (65-74 years) confined to a metabolic unit for 12 consecutive weeks. The study consisted of 2 metabolic period (MP) of six weeks each; during the first MP the elderly were fed a liquid formula diet containing the amount of protein they habitually ate. During the second MP the protein intake was reduced to the physiological protein requirement suggested by the FAO/WHO Expert Committee (1973). Results indicated that the magnitude of the dietary induced thermogenesis (DIT) at rest was related to the relative protein level in the test meal. Exercise did potentiate DIT but this synergetic phenomenon appears to depend upon both the relative protein level in the test meal and the level of exercise. All elderly men failed to maintain nitrogen balance on the physiological N requirement suggested by the FAO/WHO. Negative nitrogen and water balances data suggest a loss of lean body mass on the physiological FAO/WHO (1973) protein level indicating that this level was inappropriate.

KEYWORDS: Body weight; Elderly


Sonne-Holm, S., Sorensen, T. I. A., Jensen, G., & Schnohr, P. (1990). Long-term changes of body weight in adult obese and non-obese. International Journal of Obesity, 14(4), 319-326.

ABSTRACT: The long-term changes of body weight during adulthood in men obese as young adults are compared to those occurring in a random sample from the underlying population. The study indicates that the greater the body mass index among young adult men, the less is the median change in body weight, but the greater is the variation of the body weight changes. These results suggest that the size of the fat mass is subject to intra-individual environmental influences that change over time.

KEYWORDS: Body size; Body weight; Epidemiology; Weight control; Obesity; Body mass index


Steerneman, A. G. M., Kroontjue, T., Van Vark, G. N., Schaafsma, W., & Amesz-Voorhoeve, W. H. M. (1995). A new statistical test for studying morphological trends. Journal of Quantitative Anthropology, 5(3), 239-251.

ABSTRACT: (None)

KEYWORDS: Body


Taylor, A. (1934). Skeletal changes associated with increasing body size. Unpublished master's thesis, Oregon State Agricultural College.

ABSTRACT: (None)

KEYWORDS: Body size


Tilton, J. (1933). An objective study of body build in relation to the use of height-weight norms. EED, Harvard University.

ABSTRACT: (None)

KEYWORDS: Body Build; Height ; Weight; Normal


Tsunawake, N., Tahara, Y., Yukawa, K., & Katsuura, T. (1994). Classification of body shape of male athletes by factor analysis. The Annals of Physiological Anthropology-Seiri Jinruigaku Kenyukai Kaishi, 13(6), 383.

ABSTRACT: (None)

KEYWORDS: Body; Body shape