BODY TYPE
Proportional relationships such as relative size of shoulder, chest,
waist, hip, torso and limb lengths help define different body types. Posture
is a feature of body type. Both are highly impacted by genetic potential
and somewhat impacted by physical activity and resultant muscle development.
Alexander, R. H. (1967). A study of body types, self-image, and
environmental adjustment in freshmen college females. Unpublished doctoral
dissertation, Indiana University.
ABSTRACT: (None)
KEYWORDS: Self-image; Self-perception; Body type
Anonymous. (1930). The measurement of man. Minneapolis: University
of Minneapolis.
ABSTRACT: Contents include the measurement of man in the mass, normal and
abnormal human types, personality and physique, and the measurement of the
body in childhood.
KEYWORDS: Body mass; Anthropometry
Anonymous. (1969). Body type, height, and weight. (Transparencies).
St. Paul, Minnesota: Minnesota Mining and Manufacturing, Co., Visual
Products Division.
ABSTRACT: A discussion of the three body types in relation to heredity,
and acceptance of physical characteristics as an asset.
KEYWORDS: Body weight; Somatotypes
Anonymous. (1970). Everybody's different. (Videotape and Videocassette).
ABSTRACT: Topics include how human beings can differ in size, shape, and
color, and how some people are able to cope with physical handicaps.
KEYWORDS: Body size; Somatotype; Physically handicapped
Anonymous. (1983, October). How to determine your ideal body weight.
Rx Weight Control, 1, 1.
ABSTRACT: A suggested method to determine approximate frame size involves
measuring elbow breadth. The body measurement includes muscle, bone (frame
size), height, and weight.
KEYWORDS: Body size; Body type; Body measurement; Body composition
Anonymous. (1988). Anthropometry and mass distribution for human
analogues. Yellow Springs: Anthropology Research Project.
ABSTRACT: Anthropometric and mass distribution data for use in constructing
three-dimensional human analogues-mathematical models or test dummies, are
presented in this report. Included here are body dimensions, joint locations,
and mass distribution properties appropriate for modeling the small, mid-size,
and large male aviator. The data were derived from (a) 139 body dimensions
of standing and seated males obtained by traditional anthropometric methods,
(b) mass distribution data for body segments obtained by stereophotographic
techniques, and (c) skeletal joint centers obtained by estimation.
KEYWORDS: Body mass; Anthropometry
Anonymous. (1989). Body and shape: Body version. (Cassette
Recording). Tan-Yah.
ABSTRACT: (None)
KEYWORDS: Body shape
Anonymous. (1993, July). Find your percentage body fat. Bicycling,
34, 62.
ABSTRACT: (None)
KEYWORDS: Body fat
Anonymous. (1994). The fabric of the body: European traditions of
anatomical illustration. Modern Pathology, 7(5), 581.
ABSTRACT: (None)
KEYWORDS: Body
Anonymous. (1995, February 1). Nobody's perfect: Fashion fixes for
figure flaws. Family Circle, 108, 86.
ABSTRACT: Do's and don'ts, and ways to access your body type.
KEYWORDS: Body type
Arnheim, R. (1993). A God's Perfection. Michigan Quarterly Review,
31(4), 629.
ABSTRACT: A special issue: The male body (part one)
KEYWORDS: Body
Ashwell, M., Chinn, S., Stalley, S., & Garrow, J. S. (1978).
Female fat distribution: A photographic and cellularity study. International
Journal of Obesity, 2(3), 289-302.
ABSTRACT: A new method of classifying women according to their pattern of
fat distribution. The pattern of female fat distribution as defined by the
Fat Distribution score is relatively constant before and after weight loss.
Standard linear-discriminate analysis of data from somatotype photography
shows that the most important measurements are those of thigh and waist
diameters.
KEYWORDS: Body type; Body measurement ; Weight loss; Fat cells
Barchrach, J. (1983). The height report: A tall woman's handbook.
Kansas City: Andrews and McMeel.
ABSTRACT: (None)
KEYWORDS: Body size; Stature
Baumgartner, R. N. (1993). Body composition in elderly persons: A
critical review of needs and methods. Progress in Food and Nutrition
Science, 17(3), 223.
ABSTRACT: (None)
KEYWORDS: Body; Body composition; Elderly
Beckett, M. B. (1983). The relationship between body size and
strength in young women and men. Unpublished master's thesis, San Diego
University.
ABSTRACT: (None)
KEYWORDS: Body size; Muscle strength
Beckett, K. (1995, August). Body and style. Longevity, 7,
54.
ABSTRACT: (None)
KEYWORDS: Body; Style
Beebe, D. M. (1995). The attention to body shape scale: A new measure
of body focus. Journal of Personality Assessment, 65(3), 486-501.
ABSTRACT: Three experiments with a total of 167 females and 22 male undergraduates
present preliminary reliability and validity studies of the Attention to
Body Shape Scale (ABS). Results indicated that women were more body-focused
than were men. High scores on the ABS were associated with body image distortion.
Contrary to predictions, the ABS failed to moderate impact of induced anxiety
on body image on two of three measures.
KEYWORDS: Body shape
Berg, G. J. (1968). Relationship between selected body measurements
and success in the standing broad jump. Unpublished master's thesis,
Washington State University, Pullman.
ABSTRACT: (None)
KEYWORDS: Body size; Body measurement
Bly, R. (1993). Blessings on the stomach, the body's inner furnace.
Michigan Quarterly Review, 31(4), 597.
ABSTRACT: (None)
KEYWORDS: Body
Bodel, J. (1951). Distribution and permanence of body build in
adolescent boys. Doctoral Dissertation, Harvard university.
ABSTRACT: (None
KEYWORDS: Body build; adolescent boys
Bookstein, F. L. (1978). The measurement of biological shape and
shape change. New York: Springer-Verlag.
ABSTRACT: (None)
KEYWORDS: Body shape; Body size; Morphology-Mathematics
Braudy, L. (1993). In my fifties. Michigan Quarterly Review,
31(4), 638.
ABSTRACT: A special issue: The male body (part one)
KEYWORDS: Body
Brown, J. H., Marquet, P. A., & Taper, M. L. (1993). Evolution
of body size: Consequences of an energetic definition of fitness. The
American Naturalist, 142(4), 573-584.
ABSTRACT: (None)
KEYWORDS: Body; Body size; Fitness
Burkett, L. N., Phillips, W., & Colt, T. W. (1994). A comparison
of three methods to measure percent body fat on mentally retarded adults.
The Physical Educator, 51(2), 67.
ABSTRACT: (None)
KEYWORDS: Body; Body fat; Retarded adults
Clarys, J. P., & Marfell-Jones, M. J. (1994). Soft tissue segmentation
of the body and fractionation of the upper and lower limbs. Ergonomics:
The Official Publication Of The Ergonomics Research Society, 37(1),
217.
ABSTRACT: (None)
KEYWORDS: Body
Craft, D. L. (1977). Competitive ability, physical size, and self-concept
of physical size of selected college women field hockey players. Unpublished
master's thesis, University of Wisconsin, La Crosse.
ABSTRACT: (None)
KEYWORDS: Body size
Culp, C. H. (1986). The corporate man's basic wardrobe by body
type as recommended by merchants of better clothing stores. Dissertation
Abstract International, A47/02, Texas Woman's University.
ABSTRACT: The purpose of the study was to develop a plan for a basic wardrobe,
based on body type, for the corporate man. The study involved surveying
owners and managers of men's better clothing stores to develop a descriptive
profile of the stores and the respondents and to ask for the merchants'
recommendations for the corporate man's basic wardrobe. Results indicate
three ideal body types and basic wardrobe recommendations that correspond
with each body type.
KEYWORDS: Body type; Man's basic wardrobe
Duffy, M. (1945). The HOAX fashion formula: Dress the body type you
have to look like the body you want. Tucson, Arizona: The Body Press.
ABSTRACT: (None)
KEYWORDS: Body type; Clothing and dress
Ellis, K. J. (1990). Reference man and woman more fully characterized:
Variations on the basis of body size, age, sex, and race. Biological
Trace Element Research, 26/27, 385-400.
ABSTRACT: (None)
KEYWORDS: Body size; Body composition
Feldman, P. (1978). Body type, oral imagery and group behavior.
Sate university of New York, Buffalo.
ABSTRACT: (None)
Body type
Geiger, B., & Wolff, B. (1995, February). Can you change your
body type. Joe Weider's Muscle & Fitness, 56, 153.
ABSTRACT: Body-type training can transform your physique just like the pros
have.
KEYWORDS: Body-type training
Hearns, J., Broida, J., & Gayton, W. (1988). Accuracy of estimations
of body frame size as a function of sex and actual frame size. Perceptual
and Motor Skills, 66(1), 144-146.
ABSTRACT: The study investigated the accuracy of estimation of body frame
size as a function of sex and actual frame size, using 66 men and 52 women
from a community adult fitness program. Data indicate that medium-frame
subjects were the most likely to be accurate in their estimations of body
frame size. Women were twice as likely to be accurate in their estimations
as men.
KEYWORDS: Body weight; Body frame size
Howells, W. W. (1957). Variation of external body form in the individual.
Cambridge, Massachusetts: Peabody Museum.
ABSTRACT: (None)
KEYWORDS: Body variation; Anthropometry
Johnson, C. (1993). A phenomenology of the Black body. Michigan
Quarterly Review, 31(4), 599.
ABSTRACT: A special issue: The male body (part one)
KEYWORDS: Body
Jones, P. J. H. (1984). Whole body oxidation and absorption of
dietary fatty acids in humans. Unpublished doctoral dissertation, University
of Toronto, Canada.
ABSTRACT: Comparative oxidation and absorption of stearic, oleic, and linoleic
acids was measured to determine the effect of the degree of dietary fatty
acid unsaturation on whole body fat utilization in humans. An experimental
diet designed of normal foods to contain 40% fat and a P:S ration of 0.25
was utilized throughout the studies. This diet was fed to healthy males
at a level equal to estimated energy requirements. Subsequently 6 subjects
were fed the test diet for 16 days. The findings indicate that the degree
of long chain fatty acid unsaturation affects the rate of absorption and
oxidation of dietary in humans.
KEYWORDS: Body weight; Body oxidation; Absorption of dietary fatty acids
Jorgensen, N. (1940). The determination and measurement of body
build in college men. Doctoral Dissertation, University of Iowa.
ABSTRACT: (None)
KEYWORDS: Body build; Men
Kadlubek, V. M. (1983). Physical characteristics of elite female
water polo players. Unpublished master's thesis, University of Nevada,
Las Vegas.
ABSTRACT: (None)
KEYWORDS: Body size; Somatotype; Women water-polo athletes
Katch, V. L., & Freedson, P. S. (1982). Body size and shape:
Derivation of the "HAT" frame size model. American Journal
of Clinical Nutrition, 36(4), 669-675.
ABSTRACT: A bivariate mathematical model termed the "HAT" model
for defining body frame size is presented for young males and females. The
HAT model is based on the relationship between stature and the sum of biacromial
and bitrochanteric diameter measurements. Results indicate that differences
in men's body weight between frame size groups was primarily due to differences
in lean body weight; whereas, for females, there was a small, but statistically
significant, increase in fat weight per frame size and no increase in lean
body weight per frame size.
KEYWORDS: Body size; Body composition; Physical measurements; Skeletal measurements
Kioka, K., Kurumatani, N., & Yonemasu, K. (1994). Recent trends
in body form characteristics of young women during 10 year-cluster analysis.
Nihon Eiseigaku Zasshi, 49(1), 5-33.
ABSTRACT: (None)
KEYWORDS: Body; Body form
Kirchengast, S. (1994). Intercorrelations between menstrual cycle
patterns and body dimensions in Austrian women. Journal of Biosocial
Science, 26(2), 207.
ABSTRACT: (None)
KEYWORDS: Body; Body dimensions; Menstrual cycle
Lin, C.-h. (1992). A cross-racial comparison of the relationship
of personality traits, body mass, and physical fitness among junior
high school students in Taiwan. Unpublished doctoral dissertation, Oregon
State University.
ABSTRACT: (None)
KEYWORDS: Body mass; Physical fitness
Melamed, T. (1994). Correlates of physical features: Some gender
differences. Personality and Individual Differences, 17(5), 689-691.
ABSTRACT: The effect of height and body mass on personality and salary based
on questionnaire data collected from 208 male and 227 female British employees
(aged 18-65 yrs) across different industries was examined. Results suggest
that the effect of physical features on salary was not moderated by personality.
Physical characteristics were not strongly related to women's career success.
The ideal physique for success among men was tall with an average body mass.
KEYWORDS: Body mass; Body height; Body weight
Memmler, R. L. (1996). Study guide for structure and function
of the human body. (6th ed.). Philadelphia: Lippincott.
ABSTRACT: (None)
KEYWORDS: Body; Human physiology; Problems, exercises
Mukeshi, M., & Thairu, K. (1993). Nutrition and body build: A
Kenyan review. World Review of Nutrition and Dietetics, 72, 218-226.
ABSTRACT: (None)
KEYWORDS: Body build; Nutrition; Anthropometric dimensions
Naidu, A. N., & Rao, N. P. (1994). Body mass index: A measure
of the nutritional situation in Indian populations. European Journal
of Clinical Nutrition, 48, S131.
ABSTRACT: (None)
KEYWORDS: Body; Body mass index
Nath, S. (1993). Anthropometry: The measurement of body size,
shape and form. Delhi: Friends Publications.
ABSTRACT: (None)
KEYWORDS: Body shape; Anthropometry
National Center for Health Statistics (U.S.). (1983). Weight, height,
and selected body dimensions of adults, United States, 1960-1962. Washington,
D.C.: U.S. Department of Health, Education, and Welfare, Public Health
Service.
ABSTRACT: Age and sex distributions for weight, height, erect sitting height,
normal sitting height, knee height, popliteal height, elbow rest height,
thigh clearance height, buttock-knee length, buttock-poplitical length,
elbow-to-elbow breadth, and seat breadth
KEYWORDS: Body weight; Anthropometry-U.S.
Nickels, M. K. (1993). Dictionary of concepts in physical anthropology.
Human Biology, 65(4), 668.
ABSTRACT: (None)
KEYWORDS: Body; Physical Anthropology
O'Neill, J. (1985). Five bodies: The human shape of modern society.
Ithaca: Cornell University Press.
ABSTRACT: (None)
KEYWORDS: Body shape; Social problems
Osborne, R. (1956). Hereditary and environmental factors in body
build: a study of 100 pairs of adult twins. Doctoral Dissertation, Columbia
university.
ABSTRACT: (None)
KEYWORDS: Body build; Hereditary; Environmental Twins
Pascale, R. W., Wing, R. R., Blair, E. H., Harvey, J. R., & Guare,
J. C. (1992). The effect of weight loss on change in waist-to-hip ratio
in patients with type II diabetes. International Journal of Obesity,
16(1), 59-65.
ABSTRACT: This study examined whether weight loss would alter body fat distribution
in obese men and women with type II diabetes. The result indicated that
subjects with greater upper body obesity at baseline did not lose more weight
than subjects with less upper body obesity.
KEYWORDS: Body type; Weight losses; Body fat ; Body measurements
Prather, M. E. S. (1963). Body composition of women. Unpublished
doctoral dissertation, Iowa State University.
ABSTRACT: (None)
KEYWORDS: Body weight
Quimby, R. C. (1932). Body weight in relation to certain skeletal
measurements. Unpublished doctoral dissertation, New York University.
ABSTRACT: (None)
KEYWORDS: Body weight
Rosen, S. (1983). Biology workshop: Understanding the human body.
New York: Learning Trends Division of Globe Book Company.
ABSTRACT: (None)
KEYWORDS: Body; Problems-exercises
Salusso-Deonier, C. J., Markee, N. L., & Pedersen, E. L. (1991).
Developing realistic stimuli for assessing observers' perceptions of male
and female body types. Perceptual and Motor Skills, 72(2), 603-610.
ABSTRACT: The study was designed to develop stimuli for use in research
on observers' perception of male and female body types. Large samples of
photographs were classified, and representative photographs were used to
illustrate 4 male and 5 female body-type categories. The resultant categories
represent commonly occurring body types among men and women aged 18-40 years.
KEYWORDS: Body type
Sandner, D. (1992). Development of prediction equation for the
Futrex 5000 body fat analyzer for the estimation of hydrostatistically
determined body density on a sample of college-age males. Unpublished
master's thesis, Western Illinois University.
ABSTRACT: (None)
KEYWORDS: Body weight; Body composition
Schutz, Y. (1981). Energy and protein homeostasis in elderly men.
Unpublished doctoral dissertation, University of California, Berkeley.
ABSTRACT: The total energy expenditure and its components (basal metabolic
rate, dietary induced thermogenesis), the nitrogen and water balances, body
composition, and physical working capacity were studied in six elderly men
(65-74 years) confined to a metabolic unit for 12 consecutive weeks. The
study consisted of 2 metabolic period (MP) of six weeks each; during the
first MP the elderly were fed a liquid formula diet containing the amount
of protein they habitually ate. During the second MP the protein intake
was reduced to the physiological protein requirement suggested by the FAO/WHO
Expert Committee (1973). Results indicated that the magnitude of the dietary
induced thermogenesis (DIT) at rest was related to the relative protein
level in the test meal. Exercise did potentiate DIT but this synergetic
phenomenon appears to depend upon both the relative protein level in the
test meal and the level of exercise. All elderly men failed to maintain
nitrogen balance on the physiological N requirement suggested by the FAO/WHO.
Negative nitrogen and water balances data suggest a loss of lean body mass
on the physiological FAO/WHO (1973) protein level indicating that this level
was inappropriate.
KEYWORDS: Body weight; Elderly
Sonne-Holm, S., Sorensen, T. I. A., Jensen, G., & Schnohr, P.
(1990). Long-term changes of body weight in adult obese and non-obese. International
Journal of Obesity, 14(4), 319-326.
ABSTRACT: The long-term changes of body weight during adulthood in men obese
as young adults are compared to those occurring in a random sample from
the underlying population. The study indicates that the greater the body
mass index among young adult men, the less is the median change in body
weight, but the greater is the variation of the body weight changes. These
results suggest that the size of the fat mass is subject to intra-individual
environmental influences that change over time.
KEYWORDS: Body size; Body weight; Epidemiology; Weight control; Obesity;
Body mass index
Steerneman, A. G. M., Kroontjue, T., Van Vark, G. N., Schaafsma, W.,
& Amesz-Voorhoeve, W. H. M. (1995). A new statistical test for studying
morphological trends. Journal of Quantitative Anthropology, 5(3),
239-251.
ABSTRACT: (None)
KEYWORDS: Body
Taylor, A. (1934). Skeletal changes associated with increasing
body size. Unpublished master's thesis, Oregon State Agricultural College.
ABSTRACT: (None)
KEYWORDS: Body size
Tilton, J. (1933). An objective study of body build in relation
to the use of height-weight norms. EED, Harvard University.
ABSTRACT: (None)
KEYWORDS: Body Build; Height ; Weight; Normal
Tsunawake, N., Tahara, Y., Yukawa, K., & Katsuura, T. (1994).
Classification of body shape of male athletes by factor analysis. The
Annals of Physiological Anthropology-Seiri Jinruigaku Kenyukai Kaishi,
13(6), 383.
ABSTRACT: (None)
KEYWORDS: Body; Body shape