"Frederick Douglass." Dictionary of Literary Biography (Dlb), edited by Joel Myerson, Gale, 1978, p. 224 pp.

"'Called into Existence': Desire, Gender, and Voice in Frederick Douglass's Narrative of 1845." Differences: A Journal of Feminist Cultural Studies, vol. 1, no. 3, 1989, pp. 108-136.

Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass (Frederick Douglass): 'Frederick Douglass'. Bloom's Literary Criticism, 2009. Bloom's Literary Themes (Bloom's Literary Themes).

Abd al-Rahman, Fadwa Kamal. "Ashkaliyat Al-Tamthil Fi Mudhakkirat 'Abd Amriki Li-Fridrik Dujlas." Alif: Journal of Comparative Poetics, vol. 31, 2011, pp. 62-80 (right), 278 (right), 255-256 (left).

Abudur-Rahman, Aliyyah I. "'The Strangest Freaks of Despotism': Queer Sexuality in Antebellum African American Slave Narratives." African American Review, vol. 40, no. 2, 2006, pp. 223-237.

Acampora, Christa Davis. "Unlikely Illuminations: Nietzsche and Frederick Douglass on Power, Struggle, and the Aisthesis of Freedom." Suny Series, Philosophy and Race (Suny Series, Philosophy and Race), edited by Jacqueline Scott et al., State U of New York P, 2006, pp. xxii, 265 pp.

Aching, Gerard. "The Slave's Work: Reading Slavery through Hegel's Master-Slave Dialectic." PMLA: Publications of the Modern Language Association of America, vol. 127, no. 4, 2012, pp. 912-917, http://www.mlajournals.org/doi/pdf/10.1632/pmla.2012.127.4.912.

Adams, Amanda. Performing Authorship in the Nineteenth-Century Transatlantic Lecture Tour. Ashgate, 2014. Nineteenth-Century Transatlantic Studies (Nineteenth-Century Transatlantic Studies).

Aiello, Thomas. The Battle for the Souls of Black Folk: W. E. B. Dubois, Booker T. Washington, and the Debate That Shaped the Cause of Civil Rights. Praeger, 2016.

Alexander, Eleanor. Lyrics of Sunshine and Shadow: The Tragic Courtship and Marriage of Paul Laurence Dunbar and Alice Ruth Moore. New York UP, 2001.

Alford, Terry. "'Formerly a Slave': Frederick Douglass Comes to Lanesborough." New England Quarterly: A Historical Review of New England Life and Letters, vol. 60, no. 1, 1987, pp. 86-88.

Anderson, Douglas. "The Textual Reproductions of Frederick Douglass." CLIO: A Journal of Literature, History, and the Philosophy of History, vol. 27, no. 1, 1997, pp. 57-87.

Anderson, Harold. "Frederick Douglass: Navigator of Troubled Waters." Potomac Review, vol. 6, no. 4 [24], 1999, pp. 23-27.

Andrews, William L. "The 1850s: The First Afro-American Literary Renaissance." Literary Romanticism in America, edited by William L. Andrews, Louisiana State UP, 1981, pp. xiv, 136 pp.

---. "Frederick Douglass, Preacher." American Literature: A Journal of Literary History, Criticism, and Bibliography, vol. 54, no. 4, 1982, pp. 592-597.

---. My Bondage and My Freedom. U of Illinois P, 1987. Blacks in New World.

---. "Reunion in the Postbellum Slave Narrative: Frederick Douglass and Elizabeth Keckley." Black American Literature Forum, vol. 23, no. 1, 1989, pp. 5-16.

---. "Toni Morrison's Beloved and the Traditions of the African American Slave Narrative." GRAAT: Publication des Groupes de Recherches Anglo-Americaines de l'Universite Francois Rabelais de Tours, vol. 14, 1996, pp. 115-124.

Andrews, William L. and Paul John Eakin. Classic American Autobiographies. Signet Classics, 2014.

Andrews, William L. and Henry Louis Gates. Slave Narratives: James Albert Ukawsaw Gronniosaw; Olaudah Equiano; Nat Turner; Frederick Douglass; William Wells Brown; Henry Bibb; Sojourner Truth; William and Ellen Craft; Harriet A. Jacobs; Jacob D. Green. Library of America, 2000. Library of America (Library of America).

Anthony, Jarrett E. Higher Laws: The Making of Religion in Antebellum American Literature. 2012.

Anthony, Ronda C. Henry. Searching for the New Black Man: Black Masculinity and Women's Bodies. UP of Mississippi, 2013. Margaret Walker Alexander Series in African American Studies (Margaret Walker Alexander Series in African American Studies).

Aptheker, Herbert. "Frederick Douglass Calls for Black Suffrage in 1866." Black Scholar, vol. 5, no. 4, 1973, pp. 10-16, http://www.jstor.org/stable/41065641.

---. "An Unpublished Frederick Douglass Letter." By These Hands: A Documentary History of African American Humanism, edited by Anthony B. Pinn, New York UP, 2001, pp. xiii, 339 pp.

Arac, Jonathan. Huckleberry Finn as Idol and Target: The Functions of Criticism in Our Time. U of Wisconsin P, 1997. Wisconsin Project on American Writers (Wisconsin Project on American Writers).

Archer, Jermaine O. Antebellum Slave Narratives: Cultural and Political Expressions of Africa. Routledge, 2009. Studies in American Popular History and Culture (Studies in American Popular History and Culture).

Archuleta, Micki. "Life, Liberty, and the Pursuit of Happiness: A Fugitive Slave on Individual Rights and Community Responsibilities." Nineteenth Century Studies, vol. 19, 2005, pp. 35-45.

Armengol, Josep M. Masculinities in Black and White: Manliness and Whiteness in (African) American Literature. Palgrave Macmillan, 2014. Global Masculinities (Global Masculinities).

Atkin, Andrea M. Converting America: The Rhetoric of Abolitionist Literature. 1995.

Augst, Thomas. "Frederick Douglass, between Speech and Print." Professing Rhetoric: Selected Papers from the 2000 Rhetoric Society of America Conference, edited by Frederick Antczak et al., Erlbaum, 2002, pp. xvii, 258 pp.

Awkward, Michael. "Negotiations of Power: White Critics, Black Texts, and the Self-Referential Impulse." American Literary History, vol. 2, no. 4, 1990, pp. 581-606.

Axelrod, J. B. C. and Rise B. Axelrod. "Reading Frederick Douglass through Foucault's Panoptic Lens: A Proposal for Teaching Close Reading." Pacific Coast Philology, vol. 39, 2004, pp. 112-127.

Babb, Valerie. "'The Joyous Circle': The Vernacular Presence in Frederick Douglass's Narratives." College English, vol. 67, no. 4, 2005, pp. 365-377.

Baggett, Paul. "Transcending the Boundaries of Nation: Images and Imaginings of Frederick Douglass." In Process: A Journal of African American and African Diasporan Literature and Culture, vol. 2, 2000, pp. 103-113.

Baker, Anne. "What to Israel Potter Is the Fourth of July? Melville, Douglass, and the Agency of Words." Leviathan: A Journal of Melville Studies, vol. 10, no. 2, 2008, pp. 5-22.

Baker, Houston A. "The Problem of Being: Some Reflections on Black Autobiography." Obsidian: Black Literature in Review, vol. 1, no. 1, 1975, pp. 18-30.

Ballard, Barbara Jean. Nineteenth-Century Theory of Race, the Concept of Correspondences, and Images of Blacks in Antislavery Writings of Douglass, Stowe, and Browne. 1993.

Banner, Rachel. "Thinking through Things: Labors of Freedom in James Mccune Smith's 'the Washerwoman'." ESQ: A Journal of the American Renaissance, vol. 59, no. 2 [231], 2013, pp. 291-328, http://muse.jhu.edu/journals/esq/v059/59.2.banner.html.

Bark, Debbie. "Sight, Sound, and Silence: Representations of the Slave Body in Barrett Browning, Hawkshaw, and Douglass." Victorian Newsletter, vol. 114, 2008, pp. 51-68.

Barnes, Elizabeth. "Fraternal Melancholies: Manhood and the Limits of Sympathy in Douglass and Melville." Frederick Douglass and Herman Melville: Essays in Relation, edited by Robert S. Levine and Samuel Otter, U of North Carolina P, 2008, pp. vii, 475 pp.

---. Love's Whipping Boy: Violence & Sentimentality in the American Imagination. U of North Carolina P, 2011.

Barnett, Timothy. "Politicizing the Personal: Frederick Douglass, Richard Wright, and Some Thoughts on the Limits of Critical Literacy." College English, vol. 68, no. 4, 2006, pp. 356-381.

Barrett, Lindon. "The Experiences of Slave Narratives: Reading against Authenticity." Approaches to Teaching World Literature (Atwl), edited by James C. Hall, Modern Language Association of America, 1999, p. 174 pp.

Basu, Biman. "The Genuflected Body of the Masochist in Richard Wright." Public Culture, vol. 16, no. 2 [43], 2004, pp. 239-263, http://muse.jhu.edu/journals/public_culture/v016/16.2basu.html.

Baxter, Geneva Hampton. Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass: Its Context, Rhetoric, and Reception. 2002.

Baxter, Terry Douglas. Frederick Douglass' Curious Audiences: Ethos in the Age of the Consumable Subject. 1999.

Beck, Janet Kemper and Richard T. Gillespie. Creating the John Brown Legend: Emerson, Thoreau, Douglass, Child and Higginson in Defense of the Raid on Harpers Ferry. McFarland, 2009.

Belasco, Susan. Stowe in Her Own Time: A Biographical Chronicle of Her Life, Drawn from Recollections, Interviews, and Memoirs by Family, Friends, and Associates. U of Iowa P, 2009. Writers in Their Own Time (Writers in Their Own Time).

Bell, Bernard W. "The African-American Jeremiad and Frederick Douglass' Fourth of July 1852 Speech." Scriptoralia (Scriptoralia), edited by Paul Goetsch and Gerd Hurm, Narr, 1992, p. 307 pp.

Benesch, Klaus. "Places of Beginning: Topography and Renewal in Thoreau's Walden and Douglass's Narrative." Spatial Practices: An Interdisciplinary Series in Cultural History, Geography and Literature (Spatialp), edited by Ingo Berensmeyer and Christoph Ehland, Rodopi, 2013, p. 233 pp. http://www.rodopi.nl/functions/search.asp?BookId=SPATIAL+17.

Bennett, Bridget. "Colour Lines: A View of Leeds." Moving Worlds: A Journal of Transcultural Writings, vol. 7, no. 2, 2007, pp. 118-130.

---. "Frederick Douglass and Transatlantic Echoes of 'the Color Line'." Nineteenth-Century Transatlantic Studies (Nineteenth-Century Transatlantic Studies), edited by Kevin Hutchings and Julia M. Wright, Ashgate, 2011, pp. ix, 216 pp.

Bennett, Michael. "Anti-Pastoralism, Frederick Douglass, and the Nature of Slavery." Under the Sign of Nature: Explorations in Ecocriticism (under the Sign of Nature: Explorations in Ecocriticism), edited by Karla Armbruster and Kathleen R. Wallace, UP of Virginia, 2001, pp. x, 372 pp.

---. Democratic Discourses: The Radical Abolition Movement and Antebellum American Literature. Rutgers UP, 2005.

Benston, Kimberly W. "Facing Tradition: Revisionary Scenes in African American Literature." PMLA: Publications of the Modern Language Association of America, vol. 105, no. 1, 1990, pp. 98-109.

Bergner, Gwen. "Myths of the Masculine Subject: The Oedipus Complex and Douglass's 1845 Narrative." Discourse: Journal for Theoretical Studies in Media and Culture, vol. 19, no. 2, 1997, pp. 53-71.

---. "Myths of Masculinity: The Oedipus Complex and Douglass's 1845 Narrative." The Psychoanalysis of Race, edited by Christopher Lane, Columbia UP, 1998, pp. viii, 445 pp.

---. Taboo Subjects: Race, Sex, and Psychoanalysis. U of Minnesota P, 2005.

Bernier, Celeste-Marie. "From Fugitive Slave to Fugitive Abolitionist: The Oratory of Frederick Douglass and the Emerging Heroic Slave Tradition." Atlantic Studies: Literary, Cultural, and Historical Perspectives, vol. 3, no. 2, 2006, pp. 201-224.

---. "'Iron Arguments': Spectacle, Rhetoric and the Slave Body in New England and British Antislavery Oratory." European Journal of American Culture, vol. 26, no. 1, 2007, pp. 57-78.

---. "Response: When 'Nothing Is Said of Black Heroes'." African American Review, vol. 45, no. 4, 2012, pp. 518-526, http://muse.jhu.edu/journals/african_american_review/v045/45.4.bernier.html.

---. Characters of Blood: Black Heroism in the Transatlantic Imagination. U of Virginia P, 2012.

---. "'To Preserve My Features in Marble': Post-Civil War Paintings, Drawings, Sculpture, and Sketches of Frederick Douglass: An Illustrated Essay." Callaloo: A Journal of African Diaspora Arts and Letters, vol. 39, no. 2, 2016, pp. 372-399, http://muse.jhu.edu/article/622577.

Beshara, Christopher. "Argung in an Imperfect World: Artistotle, the Enthymeme, and Epideictic Rhetoric." Young Scholars in Writing: Undergraduate Research in Writing and Rhetoric, vol. 6, 2009, pp. 118-126, http://arc.lib.montana.edu/ojs/index.php/Young-Scholars-In-Writing/index.

Bizzell, Patricia. "The 4th of July and the 22nd of December: The Function of Cultural Archives in Persuasion, as Shown by Frederick Douglass and William Apess." College Composition and Communication, vol. 48, no. 1, 1997, pp. 44-60.

Blackwood, Sarah. "Fugitive Obscura: Runaway Slave Portraiture and Early Photographic Technology." American Literature: A Journal of Literary History, Criticism, and Bibliography, vol. 81, no. 1, 2009, pp. 93-125.

---. "'Making Good Use of Our Eyes': Nineteenth-Century African Americans Write Visual Culture." MELUS: The Journal of the Society for the Study of the Multi-Ethnic Literature of the United States, vol. 39, no. 2, 2014, pp. 42-65, http://muse.jhu.edu/journals/melus/v039/39.2.blackwood.html.

Blight, David W. "'For Something Beyond the Battlefield': Frederick Douglass and the Struggle for the Memory of the Civil War." Journal of American History, vol. 75, no. 4, 1989, pp. 1156-1178.

---. "The Private Worlds of Frederick Douglass." Transition: An International Review, vol. 61, 1993, pp. 161-168.

Bloom, Harold. Frederick Douglass's Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass. Chelsea, 1988. Mod. Crit. Interpretations.

Blount, Marcellus. "Paul Laurence Dunbar and the African American Elegy." African American Review, vol. 41, no. 2, 2007, pp. 239-246.

Blum, Hester. "Douglass's and Melville's 'Alphabets of the Blind'." Frederick Douglass and Herman Melville: Essays in Relation, edited by Robert S. Levine and Samuel Otter, U of North Carolina P, 2008, pp. vii, 475 pp.

Blum, Paul Richard. "'I Felt So Tall Within': Anthropology in Slave Narratives." Roczniki Kulturoznawcze, vol. 4, no. 2, 2013, pp. 21-39.

Blumenthal, Rachel A. "Canonicity, Genre, and the Politics of Editing: How We Read Frederick Douglass." Callaloo: A Journal of African Diaspora Arts and Letters, vol. 36, no. 1, 2013, pp. 178-190, http://muse.jhu.edu/journals/callaloo/v036/36.1.blumenthal.html.

Bodziock, Joseph. "The Big Story of Frederick Douglass." Proteus: A Journal of Ideas, vol. 12, no. 1, 1995, pp. 5-9.

---. "The Cage of Obscene Birds: The Myth of the Southern Garden in Frederick Douglass's My Bondage and My Freedom." The Gothic Other: Racial and Social Constructions in the Literary Imagination, edited by Ruth Bienstock Anolik and Douglas L. Howard, McFarland, 2004, pp. x, 310 pp.

Boggs, Colleen Glenney. Animalia Americana: Animal Representations and Biopolitical Subjectivity. Columbia UP, 2013. Critical Perspectives on Animals: Theory, Culture, Science, and Law (Critical Perspectives on Animals: Theory, Culture, Science, and Law).

Bolton, Linda. Facing the Other: Ethical Disruption and the American Mind. Louisiana State UP, 2004.

Bonner, Thomas. "'Liberty,' a Poem by Frederick Douglass." Resources for American Literary Study, vol. 8, 1978, pp. 108-114.

Borgstrom, Michael. Minority Reports: Identity and Social Knowledge in Nineteenth-Century American Literature. Palgrave Macmillan, 2010.

Bornstein, George. "Afro-Celtic Connections: From Frederick Douglass to the Commitments." Garland Reference Library of the Humanities (Grlh), edited by Tracy Mishkin, Garland, 1996, pp. xii, 389 pp.

Bosnicova, Nina. "Lonely Fighters and Communal Talkers: A Comparative Analysis of Male and Female Slave Narratives." Brno Studies in English: Sbornik Praci Filozoficke Fakulty Brnenske Univerzity, S: Rada Anglistica/Series Anglica, vol. 30, no. 10, 2004, pp. 125-133.

---. "God Is an Activist: Religion in Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass and the Autobiography of Malcolm X." Americana: E-Journal of American Studies in Hungary, vol. 5, no. 1, 2009, p. [no pagination], http://americanaejournal.hu/.

Boyd, Melba Joyce. Wrestling with the Muse: Dudley Randall and the Broadside Press. Columbia UP, 2003.

Brantley, Daniel. "Black Diplomacy and Fredrick Douglass' Caribbean Experiences, 1871 and 1889-1891: The Untold History." Phylon: A Review of Race and Culture, vol. 45, no. 3, 1984, pp. 197-209.

Brawley, Lisa. "Frederick Douglas's My Bondage and My Freedom and the Fugitive Tourist Industry." Novel: A Forum on Fiction, vol. 30, no. 1, 1996, pp. 98-128.

Brewton, Vince. "'Bold Defiance Took Its Place'-'Respect' and Self-Making in Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass, an American Slave." Mississippi Quarterly: The Journal of Southern Cultures, vol. 58, no. 3-4, 2005, pp. 703-717.

Briggs, John C. "The Exorcism of Macbeth: Frederick Douglass's Appropriation of Shakespeare." Signs of Race (Signs of Race), edited by Scott L. Newstok and Ayanna Thompson, Palgrave Macmillan, 2010, pp. xvii, 288 pp.

Broderick, John C. "Recent Acquisitions of the Manuscript Division." Quarterly Journal of the Library of Congress, vol. 30, 1973, pp. 295-337.

Bromell, Nick. "The Liberal Imagination of Frederick Douglass: Honoring the Emotions That Give Life to Liberal Principles." American Scholar, vol. 77, no. 2, 2008, pp. 34-45, http://www.jstor.org/stable/41222729.

---. "A 'Voice from the Enslaved': The Origins of Frederick Douglass's Political Philosophy of Democracy." American Literary History, vol. 23, no. 4, 2011, pp. 697-723, http://muse.jhu.edu/journals/american_literary_history/v023/23.4.bromell.html.

Brown, Christopher Michael. "Seditious Prose: Patriots and Traitors in the African American Literary Tradition." Law and Literature, vol. 24, no. 2, 2012, pp. 174-212, http://www.jstor.org/stable/pdfplus/10.1525/lal.2012.24.2.174.pdf.

Buccola, Nicholas. The Political Thought of Frederick Douglass: In Pursuit of American Liberty. New York UP, 2012.

Burks, Mary Fair. "Frederick Douglass of Maryland: Journalist-Editor-Publisher." Maryland English Journal, vol. 14, no. 2, 1976, pp. 27-34, 48.

Burns, Loretta S. "Memory, the Blues, and African American Slave Narratives." Outward Evil Inward Battle: Human Memory in Literature, edited by Benjamin Hart Fishkin et al., Langaa Research, 2014, pp. xx, 215 pp.

Burns, Mark K. "'A Slave in Form but Not in Fact': Subversive Humor and the Rhetoric of Irony in Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass." Studies in American Humor, vol. 3, no. 12, 2005, pp. 83-96, http://www.jstor.org/stable/42573469.

Burns, Phyllis Lynne. "'I Kill White Mens ... Cause I Can': The Rewriting of Liberation and Mastery in Dessa Rose." Criticism: A Quarterly for Literature and the Arts, vol. 55, no. 1, 2013, pp. 119-145, http://www.jstor.org/stable/10.13110/criticism.55.1.0119

http://muse.jhu.edu/journals/criticism/v055/55.1.burns.html.

Burt, John. "Learning to Write: The Narrative of Frederick Douglass." Western Humanities Review, vol. 42, no. 4, 1988, pp. 330-344.

Buschendorf, Christa. "'Properly Speaking, There Are in the World No Such Men as Self-Made Men': Frederick Douglass's Exceptional Position in the Field of Slavery." American Studies: A Monograph Series (Amstudies), edited by Gunter Leypoldt, Universitatsverlag Winter, 2013, pp. vii, 333 pp.

---. "The Shaping of We-Group Identities in the African American Community: A Perspective of Figurational Sociology on the Cultural Imaginary." Re-Mapping the Transnational: A Dartmouth Series in American Studies (Re-Mapping the Transnational: A Dartmouth Series in American Studies), edited by Laura Bieger et al., Dartmouth College, 2013, pp. xxviii, 272 pp. http://muse.jhu.edu/book/26905.

Buster, Elaine. "The Concept of the Hero in Southern Literature." Louisiana English Journal, New Series, vol. 1, no. 2, 1994, pp. 81-84.

Butler, Robert. "The City as Liberating Space in Life and Times of Frederick Douglass." The City in African-American Literature, edited by Yoshinobu Hakutani and Robert Butler, Fairleigh Dickinson UP, 1995, p. 265 pp.

Butts, Tracy R. "'You Shall See': Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass as a Guide for Forging Black Masculinity in Hip Hop." Langston Hughes Review, vol. 21, 2007, pp. 54-67.

Cadava, Eduardo. "The Montrosity of Human Rights." PMLA: Publications of the Modern Language Association of America, vol. 121, no. 5, 2006, pp. 1558-1565.

Capuano, Peter J. "Singing Beyond Frederick Douglass: Toni Morrison's Use of Song in Beloved." MAWA Review, vol. 16, no. 1-2, 2001, pp. 60-66.

---. "Singing Beyond Frederick Douglass: Toni Morrison's Use of Song in Beloved." Literary Griot: International Journal of Black Expressive Cultural Studies, vol. 13, no. 1-2, 2001, pp. 120-127.

---. "Truth in Timbre: Morrison's Extension of Slave Narrative Song in Beloved." African American Review, vol. 37, no. 1, 2003, pp. 95-103.

Carbajal, Hector. Recasting the Role of Memory in the History of Rhetoric: The Case of Nineteenth and Twentieth Century Autobiographies by Rhetors of Color. 2011.

Carson, Sharon. "Shaking the Foundation: Liberation Theology in Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass." Religion and Literature, vol. 24, no. 2, 1992, pp. 19-34, http://www.jstor.org/stable/40059512.

Cassuto, Leonard. "Frederick Douglass and the Work of Freedom: Hegel's Master-Slave Dialectic in the Fugitive Slave Narrative." Prospects: An Annual Journal of American Cultural Studies, vol. 21, 1996, pp. 229-259.

Castronovo, Russ. "'As to Nation, I Belong to None': Ambivalence, Disapora, and Frederick Douglass." American Transcendental Quarterly, vol. 9, no. 3, 1995, pp. 245-260.

---. "Framing the Slave Narrative/Framing Discussion." Approaches to Teaching World Literature (Atwl), edited by James C. Hall, Modern Language Association of America, 1999, p. 174 pp.

Castronovo, Russ and Dana D. Nelson. "Fahrenheit 1861: Cross Patriotism in Melville and Douglass." Frederick Douglass and Herman Melville: Essays in Relation, edited by Robert S. Levine and Samuel Otter, U of North Carolina P, 2008, pp. vii, 475 pp.

Chaffin, Tom. Giant's Causeway: Frederick Douglass's Irish Odyssey and the Making of an American Visionary. U of Virginia P, 2014.

Chambers, Eddie. "Tribute to the Martyrs." African American Review, vol. 45, no. 4, 2012, pp. 510-513, http://muse.jhu.edu/journals/african_american_review/v045/45.4.chambers.html.

Chamblee, Angela E. "Frederick Douglass in the Painting of Jacob Lawrence and the Poetry of Robert Hayden." Proteus: A Journal of Ideas, vol. 12, no. 1, 1995, pp. 18-23.

Chander, Harish. "Frederick Douglass (1818-1895)." African American Authors, 1745-1945: A Bio-Bibliographical Critical Sourcebook, edited by Emmanuel S. Nelson, Greenwood, 2000, pp. xvi, 525 pp.

---. "Frederick Douglass (1818-1895)." African American Autobiographers: A Sourcebook, edited by Emmanuel S. Nelson, Greenwood, 2002, pp. xv, 416 pp.

Chaney, Michael A. "Picturing the Mother, Claiming Egypt: My Bondage and My Freedom as Auto(Bio)Ethnography." African American Review, vol. 35, no. 3, 2001, pp. 391-408.

---. "Traveling Harlem's Europe: Vagabondage from Slave Narratives to Gwendolyn Bennett's 'Wedding Day' and Claude Mckay's Banjo." Journal of Narrative Theory, vol. 32, no. 1, 2002, pp. 52-76, http://www.jstor.org/stable/30224576.

---. Fugitive Vision: Slave Image and Black Identity in Antebellum Narrative. Indiana UP, 2007. Blacks in the Diaspora (Bid).

---. "Heartfelt Thanks to Punch for the Picture: Frederick Douglass and the Transnational Jokework of Slave Caricature." American Literature: A Journal of Literary History, Criticism, and Bibliography, vol. 82, no. 1, 2010, pp. 57-90.

Charland, Maurice. "Anxious Oratory-Anxious Criticism: Substance of Deferral and the Deferral of Substance." Rhetoric and Public Affairs, edited by Thomas W. Benson et al., Michigan State UP, 1997, pp. xv, 200 pp.

Chatman, Ebony E. A. "Clinton's Black 'I': A Note on Public Property." Theory and Event, vol. 4, no. 1, 2000, p. 9 paragraphs, http://muse.jhu.edu/journals/theory_and_event/v004/4.1chatman.html.

Chiasson, Lloyd E. "Frederick Douglass." Dictionary of Literary Biography (Dlb), edited by Sam G. Riley, Gale, 1989, pp. xvii, 321 pp.

Cikes, Ivana. Portrait of the American Author: Photography and Identity in 19th Century and Early 20th Century American Literature. 2011.

Clasby, Nancy. "On Autobiography and Myth: Puer and Senex." Midwest Quarterly: A Journal of Contemporary Thought, vol. 39, no. 3, 1998, pp. 347-359.

Clasby, Nancy T. "Frederick Douglass's Narrative: A Content Analysis." College Language Association Journal, vol. 14, 1971, pp. 242-250.

Cliett, Victoria. "The Rhetoric of Democracy: Contracts, Declarations, and Bills of Sales." African American Rhetoric(S): Interdisciplinary Perspectives, edited by Elaine B. Richardson et al., Southern Illinois UP, 2004, pp. xviii, 309 pp.

Coleman, Beth. The Art of Disappearance: Autobiography, Race, and Technology. 2005.

Connor, Kimberly Rae. "'Keep the White Folks from Meddling': Africanisms in Slave Narratives." MultiCultural Review, vol. 5, no. 2, 1996, pp. 44-53.

Cook, William W. and James Tatum. African American Writers and Classical Tradition. U of Chicago P, 2010.

Cordie-Levy, Marie. "Frederick Douglass's Photographic Strategy in the Representation of Himself." Autobiography as a Writing Strategy in Postcolonial Literature, edited by Benaouda Lebdai, Cambridge Scholars, 2015, pp. vi, 178 pp.

Cortiel, Jeanne. With a Barbarous Din: Race and Ethnic Encounter in Mid-Nineteenth-Century American Literature. Universitatsverlag Winter, 2016. American Studies: A Monograph Series (Amstudies).

Costanzo, Angelo and David Godshalk. "The Legacy of Frederick Douglass." Proteus: A Journal of Ideas, vol. 12, no. 1, 1995.

Coviello, Peter M. Tomorrow's Parties: Sex and the Untimely in Nineteenth-Century America. New York UP, 2013.

Cox, John D. Traveling South: Travel Narratives and the Construction of American Identity. U of Georgia P, 2005.

Cox, James M. "Trial for a Southern Life." Sewanee Review, vol. 97, no. 2, 1989, pp. 238-252.

Crane, Gregg. "Human Law and Higher Law." Cambridge Companions to Literature (Cctl), edited by Maurice S. Lee, Cambridge UP, 2009, pp. xix, 192 pp.

Crane, Gregg D. "Douglass's Natural Rights Constitutionalism." Approaches to Teaching World Literature (Atwl), edited by James C. Hall, Modern Language Association of America, 1999, p. 174 pp.

Crane, Jacob. "Beyond the Cape: Amitav Ghosh, Frederick Douglass and the Limits of the Black Atlantic." Postcolonial Text, vol. 6, no. 4, 2011, p. 16 pages, http://postcolonial.org/.

Crowe, Brian P. Irish Hunger/American Eyes: The Great Famine in Antebellum American Literature. 2016.

Crowley, John W. "Slaves to the Bottle: Gough's Autobiography and Douglass's Narrative." The Serpent in the Cup: Temperance in American Literature, edited by David S. Reynolds and Debra J. Rosenthal, U of Massachusetts P, 1997, pp. vi, 237 pp.

Cruz, Jon D. "Historicizing the American Cultural Turn: The Slave Narrative." European Journal of Cultural Studies, vol. 4, no. 3, 2001, pp. 305-323.

Culbertson, Graham. "Frederick Douglass's 'Our National Capital': Updating L'enfant for an Era of Integration." Journal of American Studies, vol. 48, no. 4, 2014, pp. 911-935.

Dahl, Christian. "Unfreedom and the Crises of Witnessing: A Republican Perspective on the African American Slave Narratives." Edition Politik (Edition Politik), edited by Christian Dahl and Tue Andersen Nexo, Transcript, 2014, p. 230 pp.

Dathorne, O. R. "Africa, Their Africa." Mainzer Afrika-Studien, edited by Bernth Lindfors and Ulla Schild, Heymann, 1976, p. 352 pp.

Davis, Charles T. and Daniel Walden. On Being Black: Writings by Afro-Americans from Frederick Douglass to the Present. Fawcett, 1970.

Davis, David Brion. "The White World of Frederick Douglass." The New York Review of Books, vol. 38, no. 9, 1991, pp. 12-15.

Davis, Lenwood G. Frederick Douglass as a Preacher, and One of His Last Most Significant Letters. 1981.

Davis, Mary Kemp. The Historical Slave Revolt and the Literary Imagination. 1984.

Davison, Carol Margaret. "Fleshing out Abolitionist History: The Cases of Tubman and Douglass." Canadian Review of American Studies/Revue Canadienne d'Etudes Americaines, vol. 38, no. 2, 2008, pp. 311-322, http://muse.jhu.edu/journals/canadian_review_of_american_studies/v038/38.2.davison.html.

Dayan, Joan. "A Few Stories About Haiti, or, Stigma Revisited." Research in African Literatures, vol. 35, no. 2, 2004, pp. 157-172, http://muse.jhu.edu/journals/research_in_african_literatures/v035/35.2dayan.html.

De Pietro, Thomas. "Vision and Revision in the Autobiographies of Frederick Douglass." CLA Journal, vol. 26, no. 4, 1983, pp. 384-396.

De Vita, Alexis Brooks. "Escaped Tricksters: Runaway Narratives as Trickster Tales." Griot: Official Journal of the Southern Conference on Afro-American Studies, Inc., vol. 17, no. 2, 1998, pp. 1-10.

Deacon, Andrea. "Navigating 'the Storm, the Whirlwind, and the Earthquake': Re-Assessing Frederick Douglass, the Orator." Rocky Mountain Review of Language and Literature, vol. 57, no. 1, 2003, pp. 65-81.

Decker, William Merrill. "'Who Aint a Slave?': Moby-Dick and the Slave Narrative Tradition." Literature in the Early American Republic: Annual Studies on Cooper and His Contemporaries, vol. 1, 2009, pp. xi-xii, 29-55.

DeLombard, Jeannine. "'Eye-Witness to the Cruelty': Southern Violence and Northern Testimony in Frederick Douglass's 1845 Narrative." American Literature: A Journal of Literary History, Criticism, and Bibliography, vol. 73, no. 2, 2001, pp. 245-275, http://muse.jhu.edu/journals/american_literature/v073/73.2delombard.html.

DeLombard, Jeannine Marie. 'Eye-Witness to the Cruelty': Literary Abolitionism and the Antebellum Culture of Testimony. 1999.

---. Slavery on Trial: Law, Abolitionism, and Print Culture. U of North Carolina P, 2007. Studies in Legal History (Studies in Legal History).

Demeny, Tamas. "The 'Making of the Self in the Face of That Self's Historic Denial': Self-Representation in African American and Gypsy Autobiographies." B. A. S.: British and American Studies/Revista de Studii Britanice si Americane, vol. 13, 2007, pp. 17-27.

Dickerson, Vanessa D. Dark Victorians. U of Illinois P, 2008.

Dinius, Marcy J. The Camera and the Press: American Visual and Print Culture in the Age of the Daguerreotype. U of Pennsylvania P, 2012. Material Texts (Material Texts).

Dolis, John. Transnational Na(Rra)Tion: Home and Homeland in Nineteenth-Century American Literature. Fairleigh Dickinson UP, 2015.

Dorsey, Peter A. "Becoming the Other: The Mimesis of Metaphor in Douglass's My Bondage and My Freedom." PMLA: Publications of the Modern Language Association of America, vol. 111, no. 3, 1996, pp. 435-450.

Drake, Kimberly. "Rewriting the American Self: Race, Gender, and Identity in the Autobiographies of Frederick Douglass and Harriet Jacobs." MELUS, vol. 22, no. 4, 1997, pp. 91-108.

Duane, Anna Mae. "'Like a Motherless Child': Racial Education at the New York African Free School and in My Bondage and My Freedom." American Literature: A Journal of Literary History, Criticism, and Bibliography, vol. 82, no. 3, 2010, pp. 461-488.

Dudley, David Lewis. 'The Trouble I've Seen': Visions and Revisions of Bondage, Flight, and Freedom in Black American Autobiography. 1989.

Dudley, David L. "Teaching Douglass's Narrative in the World Literature Survey." Approaches to Teaching World Literature (Atwl), edited by James C. Hall, Modern Language Association of America, 1999, p. 174 pp.

Dunbar-Odom, Donna. "'Mastering' Representation: Rhetorical Constructions of the Life of Frederick Douglass." Conference of College Teachers of English Proceedings, vol. 55, 1995, pp. 26-32.

Dupuy, Edward J. "Linguistic Mastery and the Garden of the Chattel in Frederick Douglass' Narrative." Mississippi Quarterly: The Journal of Southern Culture, vol. 44, no. 1, 1990, pp. 23-33.

Duquette, Elizabeth. "Making an Example: American Literature as Philosophy." The Oxford Handbook of Nineteenth-Century American Literature, edited by Russ Castronovo, Oxford UP, 2012, pp. xii, 443 pp.

Durkee, Patrick David. Republican Genealogies: Selfhood and Civic Sensibilities in Three Writers of the American Renaissance. 1998.

Dworkin, Ira. Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass, an American Slave. Penguin, 2014. Penguin Classics (Penguin Classics).

---. "Mapping African American Literature and Human Rights." Teaching Human Rights in Literary and Cultural Studies, edited by Alexandra Schultheis Moore and Elizabeth Swanson Goldberg, Modern Language Association of America, 2015, pp. xii, 362 pp.

Earley, Samantha Manchester. "Dismantling Master Thought: Discourse and Race in Frederick Douglass' Narrative." Atenea, vol. 21, no. 1-2, 2001, pp. 179-192.

Egan, Hugh. "'On Freedom': Emerson, Douglass, and the Self-Reliant Slave." ESQ: A Journal of the American Renaissance, vol. 60, no. 2 [235], 2014, pp. 183-208, http://muse.jhu.edu/journals/esq/v060/60.2.egan.html.

Elliott, Michael A. "Other Times: Herman Melville, Lewis Henry Morgan, and Ethnographic Writing in the Antebellum United States." Criticism: A Quarterly for Literature and the Arts, vol. 49, no. 4, 2007, pp. 481-503, http://muse.jhu.edu/journals/criticism/v049/49.4.elliott.html.

Ellis, Cristin. "Amoral Abolitionism: Frederick Douglass and the Environmental Case against Slavery." American Literature: A Journal of Literary History, Criticism, and Bibliography, vol. 86, no. 2, 2014, pp. 275-303.

Ernest, John. "Qualified Knowledge: Douglass and Harriet Jacobs." Approaches to Teaching World Literature (Atwl), edited by James C. Hall, Modern Language Association of America, 1999, p. 174 pp.

---. "Beyond Douglass and Jacobs." The Cambridge Companion to the African American Slave Narrative, edited by Audrey A. Fisch, Cambridge UP, 2007, pp. xix, 266 pp.

---. "Revolutionary Fictions and Activist Labor: Looking for Douglass and Melville Together." Frederick Douglass and Herman Melville: Essays in Relation, edited by Robert S. Levine and Samuel Otter, U of North Carolina P, 2008, pp. vii, 475 pp.

---. "Strategic Performances and Lingering Trace Forms: A Response to Melissa Shields Jenkins, M. Clay Hooper, and Caroline C. Nichols." Modern Language Studies, vol. 38, no. 2, 2009, pp. 64-75.

---. "Crisis and Faith in Douglass's Work." Cambridge Companions to Literature (Cctl), edited by Maurice S. Lee, Cambridge UP, 2009, pp. xix, 192 pp.

Fabi, M. Giulia. "Frederick Douglass's the Heroic Slave: Transnationalism and Early African American Utopian Fiction." Soglie Americane: Collana Di Studi Americanistici (Soglie Americane: Collana Di Studi Americanistici), edited by Daniela Ciani Forza and Silvana Serafin, Mazzanti, 2007, p. 339 pp.

Fagan, Benjamin. "'Feebler Than the Original': Translation and Early Black Transnationalism." American Studies: A Monograph Series (Amstudies), edited by Udo J. Hebel, Universitatsverlag Winter, 2012, pp. viii, 644 pp.

---. "The North Star and the Atlantic 1848." African American Review, vol. 47, no. 1, 2014, pp. 51-67, http://muse.jhu.edu/journals/african_american_review/v047/47.1.fagan.html.

Faisst, Julia. "Turning a Slave into a Freeman: Frederick Douglass, Photography and the Formation of African American Fiction." Spectrum Literaturwissenschaft/Spectrum Literature: Komparatische Studien/Comparative Studies (Spectrum Literaturwissenschaft/Spectrum Literature: Komparatische Studien/Comparative Studies), edited by Ansgar Nunning and Kai Marcel Sicks, de Gruyter, 2012, pp. ix, 461 pp.

---. Cultures of Emancipation: Photography, Race, and Modern American Literature. Universitatsverlag Winter, 2012. American Studies: A Monograph Series (Amstudies).

Faisst, Julia Isabel. Capturing Character: Photography, Race, and Identity in Modern American Literature. 2010.

Fanuzzi, Robert. "The Trouble with Douglass's Body." American Transcendental Quarterly, vol. 13, no. 1, 1999, pp. 27-49.

---. "Frederick Douglass's 'Colored Newspaper': Identity Politics in Black and White." The Black Press: New Literary and Historical Essays, edited by Todd Vogel, Rutgers UP, 2001, pp. xii, 276 pp.

Fanuzzi, Robert A. 'Be Yourself': The Public Sphere and Revolutionary Politics of the New England Abolition Movement. 1993.

Ferreira, Patricia. "All but 'a Black Skin and Wooly Hair': Frederick Douglass's Witness of the Irish Famine." American Studies International, vol. 37, no. 2, 1999, pp. 69-83, http://www.jstor.org/stable/41280919.

Ferreira, Patricia J. "Frederick Douglass in Ireland: The Dublin Edition of His Narrative." New Hibernia Review/Iris Eireannach Nua: A Quarterly Record of Irish Studies, vol. 5, no. 1, 2001, pp. 53-67, http://muse.jhu.edu/journals/new_hibernia_review/v005/5.1ferreira.html.

Fetrow, Fred M. "Robert Hayden's 'Frederick Douglass': Form and Meaning in a Modern Sonnet." College Language Association Journal, vol. 17, 1973, pp. 79-84.

---. "Reading the Man: Robert Hayden and the Legacy of Frederick Douglass." CLA Journal, vol. 44, no. 2, 2000, pp. 189-203.

---. "Robert Hayden's 'Frederick Douglass': Form and Meaning in a Modern Sonnet." Under Discussion (Ud), edited by Laurence Goldstein and Robert Chrisman, U of Michigan P, 2001, p. 337 pp.

Fichtelberg, Joseph. "The Writer against Himself: Child and Man in the Autobiographies of Frederick Douglass." Mid-Hudson Language Studies, vol. 12, no. 1, 1989, pp. 72-80.

Fishkin, Shelley Fisher and Carla L. Peterson. "'We Hold These Truths to Be Self-Evident': The Rhetoric of Frederick Douglass's Journalism." Cambridge Studies in American Literature and Culture (Csalc), edited by Eric J. Sundquist, Cambridge UP, 1991, p. 295 pp.

---. "'We Hold These Truths to Be Self-Evident': The Rhetoric of Frederick Douglass's Journalism." The Black Press: New Literary and Historical Essays, edited by Todd Vogel, Rutgers UP, 2001, pp. xii, 276 pp.

Folsom, Ed. "Portrait of the Artist as a Young Slave: Douglass's Frontispiece Engravings." Approaches to Teaching World Literature (Atwl), edited by James C. Hall, Modern Language Association of America, 1999, p. 174 pp.

---. "Portrait of the Artist as a Young Slave: Douglass's Frontispiece Engravings." Background Readings for Teachers of American Literature, edited by Venetria K. Patton, Bedford/St. Martin's, 2006, pp. xiii, 386 pp.

Foner, Philip S. My Bondage and My Freedom. Dover, 1969.

Fought, Leigh. "Douglass Liaisons: The Female Correspondents of Frederick Douglass 1842-52." Documentary Editing, vol. 26, no. 1, 2004, pp. 15-30.

Franchot, Jenny. "The Punishment of Esther: Frederick Douglass and the Constitution of the Feminine." Cambridge Studies in American Literature and Culture (Csalc), edited by Eric J. Sundquist, Cambridge UP, 1991, p. 295 pp.

Franklin, H. Bruce. "Animal Farm Unbound: Or What the Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass, an American Slave Reveals About American Literature." New Letters: A Magazine of Fine Writing, vol. 43, no. 3, 1977, pp. 25-46.

Frey, Raymond. "Douglass, Slavery, and Original Intent." Proteus: A Journal of Ideas, vol. 12, no. 1, 1995, pp. 15-17.

Fritz, Meaghan M. and Frank E. Fee. "To Give the Gift of Freedom: Gift Books and the War on Slavery." American Periodicals: A Journal of History, Criticism, and Bibliography, vol. 23, no. 1, 2013, pp. 60-82, http://muse.jhu.edu/journals/american_periodicals/v023/23.1.fritz.html.

Fulkerson, Gerald. "Exile as Emergence: Frederick Douglass in Great Britain, 1845-1847." Quarterly Journal of Speech, vol. 60, 1974, pp. 69-82.

Fulwiler, Toby E. The Failure Story: A Study in American Autobiography. 1974.

Gaffey, Adam Joel. Imagining the Words of Others: Public Memory and Ceremonial Repetition in American Public Discourse. 2014.

Gallego Duran, Maria del Mar. "Writing as Self-Creation: Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass." Atlantis: Revista de la Asociacion Espanola de Estudios Anglo-Norteamericanos, vol. 16, no. 1-2, 1994, pp. 119-132, http://www.jstor.org/stable/41054744.

Ganter, Granville. "'He Made Us Laugh Some': Frederick Douglass's Humor." African American Review, vol. 37, no. 4, 2003, pp. 535-552.

Gardner, Glenn. The Frederick Douglass Papers at the Library of Congress. Library of Congress National Digital Library Program, 2004.

Garvey, T. Gregory. "Frederick Douglass's Change of Opinion on the U. S. Constitution: Abolitionism and the 'Elements of Moral Power'." American Transcendental Quarterly, vol. 9, no. 3, 1995, pp. 229-243.

---. Creating the Culture of Reform in Antebellum America. U of Georgia P, 2006.

Gates, Henry-Louis. "Binary Oppositions in Chapter One of Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass an American Slave Written by Himself." Afro-American Literature: The Reconstruction of Instruction, edited by Dexter Fisher and Robert B. Stepto, MLA, 1979, p. 256 pp.

Gates, Henry Louis. "From Wheatley to Douglass: The Politics of Displacement." Cambridge Studies in American Literature and Culture (Csalc), edited by Eric J. Sundquist, Cambridge UP, 1991, p. 295 pp.

---. Autobiographies: Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass; My Bondage and My Freedom; Life and Times of Frederick Douglass. Library of America, 1994. Library of America (Library of America).

---. The Classic Slave Narratives. Signet Classics, 2012.

---. "Frederick Douglass's Camera Obscura: Representing the Antislave "Clothed and in Their Own Form"." Critical Inquiry, vol. 42, no. 1, 2015, pp. 31-60, http://www.jstor.org/stable/10.1086/682995.

Gates, Henry Louis and Sven Birkerts. "Second Inaugural Address, March 4, 1865." In Lincoln's Hand: His Original Manuscripts with Commentary by Distinguished Americans, edited by Harold Holzer et al., Bantam, 2009, pp. xi, 196 pp.

Gay, Ross et al. "Poets Respond: A Discussion of 'Frederick Douglass' by Robert Hayden: A Special Apr Supplement." American Poetry Review, vol. 33, no. 3, 2009, pp. 25-28.

Gibson, Donald B. "Reconciling Public and Private in Frederick Douglass' Narrative." American Literature: A Journal of Literary History, Criticism, and Bibliography, vol. 57, no. 4, 1985, pp. 549-569.

---. "Faith, Doubt, and Apostasy: Evidence of Things Unseen in Frederick Douglass's Narrative." Cambridge Studies in American Literature and Culture (Csalc), edited by Eric J. Sundquist, Cambridge UP, 1991, p. 295 pp.

---. "Christianity and Individualism: (Re)-Creation and Reality in Frederick Doulgass's Representation of Self." African American Review, vol. 26, no. 4, 1992, pp. 591-603.

Giles, Paul. "Narrative Reversals and Power Exchanges: Frederick Douglass and British Culture." American Literature: A Journal of Literary History, Criticism, and Bibliography, vol. 73, no. 4, 2001, pp. 779-810, http://muse.jhu.edu/journals/american_literature/v073/73.4giles.html.

---. "Douglass's Black Atlantic: Britain, Europe, Egypt." Cambridge Companions to Literature (Cctl), edited by Maurice S. Lee, Cambridge UP, 2009, pp. xix, 192 pp.

Gilmore, Paul. "Aesthetic Power: Electric Words and the Example of Frederick Douglass." American Transcendental Quarterly, vol. 16, no. 4, 2002, pp. 291-311.

Gleason, William. "Volcanoes and Meteors: Douglass, Melville, and the Poetics of Insurrection." Frederick Douglass and Herman Melville: Essays in Relation, edited by Robert S. Levine and Samuel Otter, U of North Carolina P, 2008, pp. vii, 475 pp.

Goddu, Teresa A. and Craig V. Smith. "Scenes of Writing in Frederick Douglass's Narrative: Autobiography and the Creation of Self." The Southern Review, vol. 25, no. 4, 1989, pp. 822-840.

Goldberg, Shari. Quiet Testimony: The Ethical Impulse of Silence in Emerson, Douglass, Melville and James. 2009.

---. Quiet Testimony: A Theory of Witnessing from Nineteenth-Century American Literature. Fordham UP, 2013.

Golden, Timothy. "Morality, Art, and the Self: Existentialism in Frederick Douglass and Soren Kierkegaard." Existentialist Thought in African American Literature before 1940, edited by Melvin G. Hill, Lexington, 2016, pp. xxii, 87 pp.

Goldman, Eric A. "Spilling Ink and Spilling Blood: Abolitionism, Violence and Frederick Douglass's My Bondage and My Freedom." A/B: Auto/Biography Studies, vol. 17, no. 2, 2002, pp. 276-295.

Goldner, Ellen J. "Allegories of Exposure: The Heroic Slave and the Heroic Agonistics of Frederick Douglass." Racing and (E)Racing Language: Living with the Color of Our Words, edited by Ellen J. Goldner and Safiya Henderson-Holmes, Syracuse UP, 2001, pp. xvi, 300 pp.

Gooding-Williams, Robert. In the Shadow of Du Bois: Afro-Modern Political Thought in America. Harvard UP, 2009.

Goodman, Susan. Republic of Words: The Atlantic Monthly and Its Writers, 1857-1925. UP of New England, 2011.

Gougeon, Len. "Militant Abolitionism: Douglass, Emerson, and the Rise of the Anti-Slave." New England Quarterly: A Historical Review of New England Life and Letters, vol. 85, no. 4, 2012, pp. 622-657.

Grandt, Jurgen E. "A Life and Power Far Beyond the Letter: Life and Times of Frederick Douglass and the Authentic Blackness of Autobiography." CLA Journal, vol. 45, no. 1, 2001, pp. 1-25.

---. Shaping Words to Fit the Soul: The Southern Ritual Grounds of Afro-Modernism. Ohio State UP, 2009.

Grannis, Kerry Searle. "Pragmatic Christianity: Frederick Douglass' Resistance to the American Church." Conference on Christianity & Literature, edited by Anthony Giffone and Marlene San Miguel Groner, Northeast Regional Conference on Christianity and Literature Farmingdale State University of New York, 2004, pp. iii, 101 pp.

Gray, James L. "Culture, Gender, and the Slave Narrative." Proteus: A Journal of Ideas, vol. 7, no. 1, 1990, pp. 37-42.

Gregoire, Stafford. Blacks Seeing Seeing Blacks: Surveillance and the Gaze in the Works of Frederick Douglass, Harriet Jacobs, and William Wells Brown. 2005.

Gruesser, John Cullen. "Taking Liberties: Pauline Hopkins's Recasting of the Creole Rebellion." The Unruly Voice: Rediscovering Pauline Elizabeth Hopkins, edited by John Cullen Gruesser et al., U of Illinois P, 1996, p. 240 pp.

Gustafson, Sandra M. "Eloquent Shakespeare." Shakespearean Educations: Power, Citizenship, and Performance, edited by Coppelia Kahn et al., U of Delaware P, 2011, p. 327 pp.

GwinnLandry, Mark M. Epistemology of the Veil. 2015.

Hack, Daniel. "Close Reading at a Distance: The African Americanization of Bleak House." Critical Inquiry, vol. 34, no. 4, 2008, pp. 729-753.

---. "Close Reading at a Distance: Bleak House." Novel: A Forum on Fiction, vol. 42, no. 3, 2009, pp. 423-430.

---. "Wild Charges: The Afro-Haitian 'Charge of the Light Brigade'." Victorian Studies: An Interdisciplinary Journal of Social, Political, and Cultural Studies, vol. 54, no. 2, 2012, pp. 199-225, http://muse.jhu.edu/journals/victorian_studies/v054/54.2.hack.html.

---. "Close Reading at a Distance: The African Americanization of Bleak House." A Library of Essays on Charles Dickens: Global Dickens, edited by John O. Jordan and Nirshan Perera, Ashgate, 2012, pp. xxix, 606 pp.

Hairston, Eric Ashley and John C. Shields. The Ebony Column: Classics, Civilization, and the African American Reclamation of the West. U of Tennessee P, 2013. Classicism in American Culture (Classicism in American Culture).

Hall, James C. Approaches to Teaching Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass. Modern Language Association of America, 1999. Approaches to Teaching World Literature (Atwl).

Hamilton, Cynthia S. "Models of Agency: Frederick Douglass and 'the Heroic Slave'." Proceedings of the American Antiquarian Society: A Journal of American History and Culture Through 1876, vol. 114, no. 1, 2004, pp. 87-136.

Hansen, John. "Frederick Douglass's Journey from Slave to Freeman: An Acquisition and Mastery of Language, Rhetoric, and Power Via the Narrative." Griot: Official Journal of the Southern Conference on Afro-American Studies, Inc., vol. 31, no. 2, 2012, pp. 14-23.

Hapke, Laura. "A Labor Studies Approach to Douglass's Narrative." Approaches to Teaching Frederick Douglass, edited by James C. Hall, Modern Language Association of America, 1999, p. 174 pp.

Hardack, Richard. "The Slavery of Romanism: The Casting out of the Irish in the Work of Frederick Douglass." Liberating Sojourn: Frederick Douglass and Transatlantic Reform, edited by Alan J. Rice and Martin Crawford, U of Georgia P, 1999, pp. x, 217 pp.

---. "Water Rites: Navigating Passage and Social Transformation in American Slave and Travel Narratives." Multiculturalism: Roots and Realities, edited by C. James Trotman, Indiana UP, 2002, pp. xvii, 267 pp.

Hardin, Michael. "Ralph Ellison's Invisible Man: Invisibility, Race, and Homoeroticism from Frederick Douglass to E. Lynn Harris." Southern Literary Journal, vol. 37, no. 1, 2004, pp. 96-120, http://muse.jhu.edu/journals/southern_literary_journal/v037/37.1hardin.html

http://www.jstor.org/stable/20078399.

Harrell, Willie J. We Wear the Mask: Paul Laurence Dunbar and the Politics of Representative Reality. Kent State UP, 2010.

Haskett, Norman D. "Afro-American Images of Africa: Four Antebellum Black Authors." Ufahamu: Journal of the African Activist Association, vol. 3, no. 1, 1972, pp. 29-40.

Hauss, Jon Martin. Masquerades in Black: A Cultural Encounter in Late Antebellum American Literature. 1991.

Hawley, Owen. "The Marietta Lecture Series of 1866-1867: Emerson, Douglass, and Others." Studies in the American Renaissance, 1980, pp. 425-444, http://www.jstor.org/stable/30228178.

Henderson, Desiree. Grief and Genre in American Literature, 1790-1870. Ashgate, 2011.

Henkel, Michele A. "Forging Identity through Literary Reinterpellation: The Ideological Project of Frederick Douglass's Narrative." Literature and Psychology, vol. 48, no. 1-2, 2002, pp. 89-101.

Henry, Peaches Marion. Reference and Truth in Autobiography. 1999.

Herring, Maben D. The Defined Self in Black Autobiography. 1974.

Hickman, Jared. "Douglass Unbound." Nineteenth-Century Literature, vol. 68, no. 3, 2013, pp. 323-362.

Higbee, Mark. "Frederick Douglass and Today's College Classroom." Thought & Action, vol. 16, no. 1, 2000, pp. 41-54.

Hills, Patricia. "What Characters of Blood Can Offer Art Historians." African American Review, vol. 45, no. 4, 2012, pp. 501-504, http://muse.jhu.edu/journals/african_american_review/v045/45.4.hills.html.

Hively, Russell K. "Frederick Douglass." Dictionary of Literary Biography (Dlb), edited by Trudier Harris and Thadious M. Davis, Gale, 1986, pp. xv, 321 pp.

Hole, Jeffrey. "Enforcement on a Grand Scale: Fugitive Intelligence and the Literary Tactics of Douglass and Melville." American Literature: A Journal of Literary History, Criticism, and Bibliography, vol. 85, no. 2, 2013, pp. 217-246.

Holier, Harold. "'A Spirit and Power Far Beyond Its Letter'." American Heritage, vol. 60, no. 2, 2010, pp. PA 8-PA 9.

Holland, Frederic May. "The Slave." Bloom's Literary Themes (Bloom's Literary Themes), edited by Harold Bloom and Blake Hobby, Bloom's Literary Criticism, 2010, pp. xvi, 288 pp.

Hollis, Melinda. "A Change of Persona or a Change of Heart: Frederick Douglass's 'Brothers'." Explicator, vol. 67, no. 3, 2009, pp. 167-170.

Hooper, M. Clay. "'It Is Good to Be Shifty': William Wells Brown's Trickster Critique of Black Autobiography." Modern Language Studies, vol. 38, no. 2, 2009, pp. 28-45.

Hopper, Briallen. "The Bondage of Race and the Freedom of Transcendence in Frederick Douglass's My Bondage and My Freedom." Postgraduate English: A Journal and Forum for Postgraduates in English, vol. 4, 2001, p. (no pagination), http://www.dur.ac.uk/postgraduate.english/.

Hubbard, Dolan. Preaching the Lord's Word in a Strange Land: The Influence of the Black Preaching Style on Black American Prose Fiction. 1987.

---. "'Ain't Gonna Let Nobody Turn Me Around': Reading the Narrative of Frederick Douglass." The Intimate Critique: Autobiographical Literary Criticism, edited by Diane P. Freedman et al., Duke UP, 1993, pp. viii, 311 pp.

Huggins, Nathan Irvin and John Higham. "Afro-Americans." Johns Hopkins Symposia in Comparative History, edited by John Higham, Johns Hopkins UP, 1978, p. 214 pp.

Hunter, William R. "To the Wildnerness and Back: The Role of Nature in Frederick Douglass's Narrative of the Life." Literature, Writing, and the Natural World, edited by James Guignard and T. P. Murphy, Cambridge Scholars, 2009, pp. vii, 228 pp.

Husband, Julie. "Frederick Douglass's National Narrative: Deploying Lincoln." Proteus: A Journal of Ideas, vol. 12, no. 1, 1995, pp. 24-28.

---. "Anticipating Progressive Era Reformers: Lydia Maria Child and the Mothering State." ESQ: A Journal of the American Renaissance, vol. 50, no. 4 [197], 2004, pp. 283-314, http://muse.jhu.edu/journals/esq/summary/v050/50.4.husband.html.

Hutchins, Zachary McLeod. "Rejecting the Root: The Liberating, Anti-Christ Theology of Douglass's Narrative." Nineteenth-Century Literature, vol. 68, no. 3, 2013, pp. 292-322.

Hyde, Carrie. "The Climates of Liberty: Natural Rights in the Creole Case and 'the Heroic Slave'." American Literature: A Journal of Literary History, Criticism, and Bibliography, vol. 85, no. 3, 2013, pp. 475-504.

Jackson, Zakiyyah Iman. "Losing Manhood: Animality and Plasticity in the (Neo)Slave Narrative." Qui Parle: Critical Humanities and Social Sciences, vol. 25, no. 1-2, 2016, pp. 95-136, https://muse.jhu.edu/article/639967.

James, Stephen Elliot. The Other Fourth of July: The Meaning of Black Identity of American Celebrations of Independence, 1770-1863. 1997.

Jamil, Selina. "Uncle Tom's Cabin and the Covert Voice." Harvest: Jahangirnagar Studies in Literature, vol. 11, 1992, pp. 36-58.

Jang, Ki Yoon. Gothic Authors/Ghost Writers: The Advent of Unauthorized Authorship in Nineteenth-Century American Gothic Literature. 2009.

Janmohamed, Abdul. "Between Speaking and Dying: Some Imperatives in the Emergence of the Subaltern in the Context of U. S. Slavery." Can the Subaltern Speak? Reflections on the History of an Idea, edited by Rosalind C. Morris, Columbia UP, 2010, pp. x, 318 pp.

Jarenski, Shelly. "'Delighted and Instructed': African American Challenges to Panoramic Aesthetics in J. P. Ball, Kara Walker, and Frederick Douglass." American Quarterly, vol. 65, no. 1, 2013, pp. 119-155, http://muse.jhu.edu/journals/american_quarterly/v065/65.1.jarenski.html.

Jarrett, Gene Andrew. "Douglass, Ideological Slavery, and Postbellum Racial Politics." Cambridge Companions to Literature (Cctl), edited by Maurice S. Lee, Cambridge UP, 2009, pp. xix, 192 pp.

Jasinski, James. "Rearticulating History in Epideictic Discourse: Frederick Douglass's 'the Meaning of the Fourth of July to the Negro'." Rhetoric and Public Affairs, edited by Thomas W. Benson et al., Michigan State UP, 1997, pp. xv, 200 pp.

Jaskoski, Helen. "Power Unequal to Man: The Significance of Conjure in Works by Five Afro-American Authors." Southern Folklore Quarterly, vol. 38, 1974, pp. 91-108.

Jay, Gregory. "Douglass, Melville, and the Lynching of Billy Budd." Frederick Douglass and Herman Melville: Essays in Relation, edited by Robert S. Levine and Samuel Otter, U of North Carolina P, 2008, pp. vii, 475 pp.

Jay, Gregory S. "American Literature and the New Historicism: The Example of Frederick Douglass." Boundary 2: An International Journal of Literature and Culture, vol. 17, no. 1, 1990, pp. 211-242.

Jehlen, Myra. "Literature and Authority." Conversations: Contemporary Critical Theory and the Teaching of Literature, edited by Charles Moran and Elizabeth F. Penfield, Nat. Council of Teachers of Eng., 1990, pp. viii, 237 pp.

Jenkins, Lee. "'The Black O'connell': Frederick Douglass and Ireland." Nineteenth Century Studies, vol. 13, 1999, pp. 22-46.

Jenkins, Melissa Shields. "'The Poets Are with Us': Frederick Douglass and John Milton." Modern Language Studies, vol. 38, no. 2, 2009, pp. 12-27.

Jensen, Melba P. Frederick Douglass's 'the Heroic Slave': Text, Context, and Interpretation. 2005.

Jimenez, Luis A. "Nineteenth Century Autobiography in the Afro-Americas: Frederick Douglass and Juan Francisco Manzano." Afro-Hispanic Review, vol. 14, no. 2, 1995, pp. 47-52, http://www.jstor.org/stable/23053913.

Jones, Anne Goodwyn. "Engendered in the South: Blood and Irony in Douglass and Jacobs." American South (American South), edited by Anne Goodwyn Jones and Susan V. Donaldson, UP of Virginia, 1997, pp. x, 533 pp.

Jones, Douglas A. "Douglass' Impersonal." ESQ: A Journal of the American Renaissance, vol. 61, no. 1 [238], 2015, pp. 1-35, http://muse.jhu.edu/journals/esq/v061/61.1.jones.html.

Jones, Donald C. and Timothy Barnett. "A Comment on 'Politicizing the Personal: Frederick Douglass, Richard Wright, and Some Thoughts on the Limits of Critical Literacy'." College English, vol. 69, no. 4, 2007, pp. 400-404.

Jones, Paul Christian. "Copying What the Master Had Written: Frederick Douglass's 'the Heroic Slave' and the Southern Historical Romance." Southern Quarterly: A Journal of the Arts in the South, vol. 38, no. 4, 2000, pp. 78-92.

Jorif, Rolando Leodore. The Slave Narrative's Use of Agape and Herman Melville's 'Billy Budd'. 2006.

Jugurtha, Lillie Butler. "Point of View in the Afro-American Slave Narratives: A Study of Narratives by Douglass and Pennington." Essays in Lit., edited by John Sekora and Darwin T. Turner, Western Illinois Univ., 1982, p. 149 pp.

Jun, Helen H. "Black Orientalism: Nineteenth-Century Narratives of Race and U. S. Citizenship." American Quarterly, vol. 58, no. 4, 2006, pp. 1047-1066, http://muse.jhu.edu/journals/american_quarterly/v058/58.4jun.html.

Kapoor, S. D. "Race and Mark Twain." Making Mark Twain Work in the Classroom, edited by James S. Leonard, Duke UP, 1999, pp. ix, 318 pp.

Karcher, Carolyn L. "White Fratricide, Black Liberation: Melville, Douglass, and Civil War Memory." Frederick Douglass and Herman Melville: Essays in Relation, edited by Robert S. Levine and Samuel Otter, U of North Carolina P, 2008, pp. vii, 475 pp.

Kawash, Samira. "Fugitive Properties." Economics as Social Theory (Economics as Social Theory), edited by Martha Woodmansee and Mark Osteen, Routledge, 1999, pp. xvii, 393 pp.

Kendrick, Paul and Stephen Kendrick. "Lincoln & Douglass." American Heritage, vol. 58, no. 6, 2009, pp. 36-39.

Kennedy, David and Christine Kennedy. "'I,' 'You,' 'Mine': Subject and Quotation in Elena Rivera's Mistakes, Accidents, and a Want of Liberty." Journal of American Studies, vol. 44, no. 4, 2010, pp. 709-723.

Kennedy, J. Gerald. "'Trust No Man': Poe, Douglass, and the Culture of Slavery." Romancing the Shadow: Poe and Race, edited by J. Gerald Kennedy and Liliane Weissberg, Oxford UP, 2001, pp. xviii, 292 pp.

Kennedy, Liam. "1852, July 5: Frederick Douglass Addresses the Rochester Ladies' Anti-Slavery Sewing Society: 'What to the Slave Is the Fourth of July?'." A New Literary History of America, edited by Greil Marcus and Werner Sollors, Harvard UP, 2009, pp. xxvii, 1095 pp.

Kerschgens, Edda. Das Gespaltene Ich: 100 Jahre Afroamerikanischer Autobiographie: Strukturuntersuchungen Zu Den Autobiographien Von Frederick Douglass, Booker T. Washington Und W. E. B. Du Bois. P. Lang, 1980. Neue Studien Zur Anglistik Und Amerikanistik (Nsaa).

Kibbey, Ann. "Language in Slavery: Frederick Douglass' Narrative." Prospects: An Annual Journal of American Cultural Studies, vol. 8, 1983, pp. 163-182.

Kilcup, Karen L. Soft Canons: American Women Writers and Masculine Tradition. U of Iowa P, 1999.

King, Lovalerie. "Counter-Discourses on the Racialization of Theft and Ethics in Douglass's Narrative and Jacobs's Incidents." MELUS: The Journal of the Society for the Study of the Multi-Ethnic Literature of the United States, vol. 28, no. 4, 2003, pp. 55-82, http://www.jstor.org/stable/3595300.

Kinnamon, Keneth. "The Political Dimension of Afro-American Literature." Soundings: An Interdisciplinary Journal, vol. 58, 1975, pp. 130-144.

Klammer, Martin. "Teaching Douglass's Narrative in an Introductory Humanities Course." Approaches to Teaching World Literature (Atwl), edited by James C. Hall, Modern Language Association of America, 1999, p. 174 pp.

Kramer, Chris A. "An Existentialist Account of the Role of Humor against Oppression." Humor: International Journal of Humor Research, vol. 26, no. 4, 2013, pp. 629-651.

Lampe, Gregory Paul. Frederick Douglass: Freedom's Voice, 1818-1845. 1996.

Larrier, Renee. "Dusable, Douglass, and Dessalines: The Haytian Pavilion and the Narrative of History." Francopolyphonies (Francopolyphonies), edited by Marie-Agnes Sourieau and Kathleen M. Balutansky, Rodopi, 2004, p. 545 pp.

Lawson, Bill E. "Douglass among the Romantics." Cambridge Companions to Literature (Cctl), edited by Maurice S. Lee, Cambridge UP, 2009, pp. xix, 192 pp.

Lazo, Rodrigo. "The Ends of Enchantment: Douglass, Melville, and U. S. Expansion in the Americas." Frederick Douglass and Herman Melville: Essays in Relation, edited by Robert S. Levine and Samuel Otter, U of North Carolina P, 2008, pp. vii, 475 pp.

Leak, Jeffrey B. Racial Myths and Masculinity in African American Literature. U of Tennessee P, 2005.

Lee, Lisa Yun. "The Politics of Language in Frederick Douglass's Narrative of the Life of an American Slave." MELUS, vol. 17, no. 2, 1991, pp. 51-59.

Lee, Maurice S. "Melville, Douglass, the Civil War, Pragmatism." Frederick Douglass and Herman Melville: Essays in Relation, edited by Robert S. Levine and Samuel Otter, U of North Carolina P, 2008, pp. vii, 475 pp.

---. The Cambridge Companion to Frederick Douglass. Cambridge UP, 2009. Cambridge Companions to Literature (Cctl).

Leeman, Richard W. and Bernard K. Duffy. The Will of a People: A Critical Anthology of Great African American Speeches. Southern Illinois UP, 2012.

Leff, Michael C. "Lincoln among the Nineteenth-Century Orators." Rhetoric and Public Affairs, edited by Thomas W. Benson et al., Michigan State UP, 1997, pp. xv, 200 pp.

Lemons, Gary L. Black Men in Feminism: Race, Gender, and Representation in the Writings of Frederick Douglass and W. E. B. Du Bois. 2006.

---. Womanist Forefathers: Frederick Douglass and W. E. B. Du Bois. State U of New York P, 2009.

Leroux, Neil. "Frederick Douglass and the Attention Shift." Rhetoric Society Quarterly, vol. 21, no. 2, 1991, pp. 36-46.

Levander, Caroline. "Witness and Participate: Frederick Douglass's Child." Studies in American Fiction, vol. 33, no. 2, 2005, pp. 183-192.

Levecq, Christine. Slavery and Sentiment: The Politics of Feeling in Black Atlantic Antislavery Writing, 1770-1850. UP of New England for U of New Hampshire P, 2008. Becoming Modern: New Nineteenth-Century Studies (Becoming Modern: New Nineteenth-Century Studies).

Leverenz, David. "Frederick Douglass's Self-Refashioning." Criticism: A Quarterly for Literature and the Arts, vol. 29, no. 3, 1987, pp. 341-370, http://www.jstor.org/stable/23110412.

Levine, Robert S. "Uncle Tom's Cabin in Frederick Douglass' Paper: An Analysis of Reception." American Literature: A Journal of Literary History, Criticism, and Bibliography, vol. 64, no. 1, 1992, pp. 71-93.

---. Martin Delany, Frederick Douglass, and the Politics of Representative Identity. U of North Carolina P, 1997.

---. "Road to Africa: Frederick Douglass's Rome." African American Review, vol. 34, no. 2, 2000, pp. 217-231.

---. "Road to Africa: Frederick Douglass's Rome." Roman Holidays: American Writers and Artists in Nineteenth-Century Italy, edited by Robert K. Martin and Leland S. Person, U of Iowa P, 2002, pp. vi, 256 pp. http://muse.jhu.edu/books/9781587294044.

---. "The Slave Narrative and the Revolutionary Tradition of American Autobiography." The Cambridge Companion to the African American Slave Narrative, edited by Audrey A. Fisch, Cambridge UP, 2007, pp. xix, 266 pp.

---. Dislocating Race and Nation: Episodes in Nineteenth-Century American Literary Nationalism. U of North Carolina P, 2008.

---. "Frederick Douglass, War, Haiti." PMLA: Publications of the Modern Language Association of America, vol. 124, no. 5, 2009, pp. 1864-1868.

---. "Identity in the Autobiographies." Cambridge Companions to Literature (Cctl), edited by Maurice S. Lee, Cambridge UP, 2009, pp. xix, 192 pp.

---. "Bernier's Experimental Poetics; or, What Was African American Experimentalism?" African American Review, vol. 45, no. 4, 2012, pp. 496-500, http://muse.jhu.edu/journals/african_american_review/v045/45.4.levine.html.

---. The Lives of Frederick Douglass. Harvard UP, 2016.

Levine, Robert S. and Samuel Otter. Frederick Douglass and Herman Melville: Essays in Relation. U of North Carolina P, 2008.

Levine, Robert S. and Ivy G. Wilson. The Works of James M. Whitfield: America and Other Writings by a Nineteenth-Century African American Poet. U of North Carolina P, 2011.

Levy, Andrew. "Frederick Douglass, Benjamin Franklin, and the Trickster Reader." College English, vol. 52, no. 7, 1990, pp. 743-755.

Lewis, Richard O. "Romanticism in the Fiction of Charles W. Chesnutt: The Influence of Dickens, Scott, Tourgee, and Douglas." CLA Journal, vol. 26, no. 2, 1982, pp. 145-171.

Lock, Helen. "The Paradox of Slave Mutiny in Herman Melville, Charles Johnson, and Frederick Douglass." College Literature, vol. 30, no. 4, 2003, pp. v, 54-70, http://muse.jhu.edu/journals/college_literature/v030/30.4lock.html

http://www.jstor.org/stable/25115155?origin=pubexport.

Logan, Shirley Wilson. Liberating Language: Sites of Rhetorical Education in Nineteenth-Century Black America. Southern Illinois UP, 2008.

Lohmann, Christoph. Radical Passion: Ottilie Assing's Reports from America and Letters to Frederick Douglass. Peter Lang, 1999. New Directions in German-American Studies (New Directions in German-American Studies).

Lucaites, John Louis. "The Irony of 'Equality' in Black Abolitionist Discourse: The Case of Frederick Douglass's 'What to a Slave Is the Fourth of July?'." Rhetoric and Public Affairs, edited by Thomas W. Benson et al., Michigan State UP, 1997, pp. xv, 200 pp.

Luciano, Dana. Arranging Grief: Sacred Time and the Body in Nineteenth-Century America. New York UP, 2007. Sexual Cultures: New Directions from the Center for Lesbian and Gay Studies (Secu).

Luria, Sarah. "Racial Equality Begins at Home: Frederick Douglass's Challenge to American Domesticity." The American Home: Material Culture, Domestic Space, and Family Life, edited by Eleanor McD Thompson, Winterthur Museum; UP of New England, 1998, pp. viii, 323 pp.

M'Baye, Babacar. "Radical and Nationalist Resistance in David Walker's and Frederick Douglass's Antislavery Narratives." Critical Insights (Critical Insights), edited by Kimberly Drake, Salem, 2013, pp. xii, 279 pp.

MacKethan, Lucinda H. "Metaphors of Mastery in the Slave Narratives." Essays in Lit., edited by John Sekora and Darwin T. Turner, Western Illinois Univ., 1982, p. 149 pp.

---. "Huck Finn and the Slave Narratives: Lighting out as Design." The Southern Review, vol. 20, no. 2, 1984, pp. 247-264.

---. "From Fugitive Slave to Man of Letters: The Conversion of Frederick Douglass." Journal of Narrative Technique, vol. 16, no. 1, 1986, pp. 55-71, http://www.jstor.org/stable/30225133.

Mailloux, Steven. "Misreading as a Historical Act: Cultural Rhetoric, Bible Politics, and Fuller's 1845 Review of Douglass's Narrative." Readers in History: Nineteenth-Century American Literature and the Contexts of Response, edited by James L. Machor, Johns Hopkins UP, 1993, pp. xxix, 285 pp.

---. "Re-Marking Slave Bodies: Rhetoric as Production and Reception." Philosophy and Rhetoric, vol. 35, no. 2, 2002, pp. 96-119, http://muse.jhu.edu/journals/philosophy_and_rhetoric/v035/35.2mailloux.html.

---. "Political Theology in Douglass and Melville." Frederick Douglass and Herman Melville: Essays in Relation, edited by Robert S. Levine and Samuel Otter, U of North Carolina P, 2008, pp. vii, 475 pp.

Marrs, Cody. "Frederick Douglass in 1848." American Literature: A Journal of Literary History, Criticism, and Bibliography, vol. 85, no. 3, 2013, pp. 447-473.

---. Nineteenth-Century American Literature and the Long Civil War. Cambridge UP, 2015. Cambridge Studies in American Literature and Culture (Csalc).

Martin, Terry J. "'A Slave in Form ... [but Not] in Fact': Frederick Douglass and the Paradox of Transcendence." Proteus: A Journal of Ideas, vol. 12, no. 1, 1995, pp. 1-4.

Martin, Waldo E. "Images of Frederick Douglass in the Afro-American Mind: The Recent Black Freedom Struggle." Cambridge Studies in American Literature and Culture (Csalc), edited by Eric J. Sundquist, Cambridge UP, 1991, p. 295 pp.

Matheny, David L. "Frederick Douglass: Abolition Orator." Proteus: A Journal of Ideas, vol. 12, no. 1, 1995, pp. 35-38.

Matlack, James. "The Autobiographies of Frederick Douglass." Phylon: The Atlanta University Review of Race and Culture, vol. 40, no. 1, 1979, pp. 15-28.

Matterson, Stephen. "Shaped by Readers: The Slave Narratives of Frederick Douglas and Harriet Jacobs." Soft Canons: American Women Writers and Masculine Tradition, edited by Karen L. Kilcup, U of Iowa P, 1999, p. 345 pp.

Matzke, Jason P. "The John Brown Way: Frederick Douglass and Henry David Thoreau on the Use of Violence." Massachusetts Review: A Quarterly of Literature, the Arts and Public Affairs, vol. 46, no. 1, 2005, pp. 62-75.

Maxwell, Barry. "Frederick Douglass's Haven-Finding Art." Arizona Quarterly: A Journal of American Literature, Culture, and Theory, vol. 48, no. 4, 1992, pp. 47-73.

McBride, Dwight A. Impossible Witnesses: Truth, Abolicionism, and Slave Testimony. New York UP, 2001.

McCaskill, Barbara. "'Trust No Man!' But What About a Woman? Ellen Craft and the Genealogical Model for Teaching Douglass's Narrative." Approaches to Teaching World Literature (Atwl), edited by James C. Hall, Modern Language Association of America, 1999, p. 174 pp.

McClish, Glen. "Frederick Douglass and the Consequences of Rhetoric: The Interpretive Framing and Publication History of the 2 January 1893 Haiti Speeches." Rhetorica: A Journal of the History of Rhetoric, vol. 30, no. 1, 2012, pp. 37-73.

McClish, Glenn. "The Instrumental and Constitutive Rhetoric of Martin Luther King Jr. And Frederick Douglass." Rhetorica: A Journal of the History of Rhetoric, vol. 33, no. 1, 2015, pp. 34-70.

McCoy, Beth A. "Race and the (Para)Textual Condition." PMLA: Publications of the Modern Language Association of America, vol. 121, no. 1, 2006, pp. 156-169.

McDaniel, W. Caleb. "Saltwater Anti-Slavery: American Abolitionists on the Atlantic Ocean in the Age of Steam." Atlantic Studies: Literary, Cultural, and Historical Perspectives, vol. 8, no. 2, 2011, pp. 141-163.

McDowell, Deborah E. "In the First Place: Making Frederick Douglass and the Afro-American Narrative Tradition." New Century Views (New Century Views), edited by William L. Andrews, Prentice Hall, 1993, pp. viii, 231 pp.

McGregor-Scissum, Rachelle D. 'The Positive Nature of Pain' in Critical Reflection: Frederick Douglass's Understanding as Expansion of the Form of His Life in 'My Bondage and My Freedom' and 'Life and Times of Frederick Douglass'. 1997.

McKivigan, John R. Frederick Douglass Papers Edition. Indiana University; Purdue University Indianapolis.

---. "Capturing the Oral Event: Editing the Speeches of Frederick Douglass." Documentary Editing, vol. 10, no. 1, 1988, pp. 1-5.

---. "The Frederick Douglass-Gerrit Smith Friendship and Political Abolitionism in the 1850s." Cambridge Studies in American Literature and Culture (Csalc), edited by Eric J. Sundquist, Cambridge UP, 1991, p. 295 pp.

McKivigan, John R. et al. In the Words of Frederick Douglass: Quotations from Liberty's Champion. Cornell UP, 2012.

McQuillan, Jennifer. "Parsing the Body: Frederick Douglass and the Recorporealization of Self." Proteus: A Journal of Ideas, vol. 28, no. 1, 2012, pp. 23-28.

Meehan, Sean Ross. Mediating American Autobiography: Photography in Emerson, Thoreau, Douglass, and Whitman. U of Missouri P, 2008.

Meer, Sarah. "Sentimentality and the Slave Narrative: Frederick Douglass' My Bondage and My Freedom." Gender & Society: Feminist Perspectives on the Past and Present, edited by Julia Swindells, Taylor & Francis, 1995, p. 227 pp.

---. "Douglass as Orator and Editor." Cambridge Companions to Literature (Cctl), edited by Maurice S. Lee, Cambridge UP, 2009, pp. xix, 192 pp.

Menand, Louis. "John Brown's Body." Raritan: A Quarterly Review, vol. 22, no. 2, 2002, pp. 53-61.

Messmer, David. "'If Not in the Word, in the Sound': Frederick Douglass's Mediation of Literacy through Song." American Transcendental Quarterly, vol. 21, no. 1, 2007, pp. 5-21.

---. "Trumpets, Horns, and Typewriters: A Call and Response between Ralph Ellison and Frederick Douglass." African American Review, vol. 43, no. 4, 2009, pp. 589-604, http://muse.jhu.edu/journals/african_american_review/v043/43.4.messmer.html.

Mieder, Wolfgang. "'Paddle Your Own Canoe': Frederick Douglass's Proverbial Message in His 'Self-Made Men's Speech." Midwestern Folklore, vol. 27, no. 2, 2001, pp. 21-40.

---. "'Do Unto Others as You Would Have Them Do Unto You': Fredrick Douglass's Proverbial Struggle for Civil Rights." Journal of American Folklore, vol. 114, no. 453, 2001, pp. 331-357, http://muse.jhu.edu/journals/journal_of_american_folklore/v114/114.453mieder.pdf.

---. 'No Struggle, No Progress': Frederick Douglass and His Proverbial Rhetoric for Civil Rights. Peter Lang, 2001.

---. "'It Takes a Village to Change the World': Proverbial Politics and the Ethics of Place." Journal of American Folklore, vol. 124, no. 492, 2011, pp. 4-28, http://muse.jhu.edu/journals/journal_of_american_folklore/v124/124.492.mieder.html.

Mieder, Wolfgang and Manuel Sevilla Munoz. "La Regla De Oro Y La Persuasion Moral: La Lucha Proverbial De Frederick Douglass Por Los Derechos Humanos." Paremia, vol. 13, 2004, pp. 21-30.

Miller, Keith D. and Ruth Ellen Kocher. "Shattering Kidnapper's Heavenly Union: Interargumentation in Douglass's Oratory and Narrative." Approaches to Teaching World Literature (Atwl), edited by James C. Hall, Modern Language Association of America, 1999, p. 174 pp.

Millner, Caille. "1838, September 3: A Twenty-Year-Old Slave Named Frederick Bailey Slips Away from His Master in Maryland and Makes His Way to the Free State of New York: The Slave Narrative." A New Literary History of America, edited by Greil Marcus and Werner Sollors, Harvard UP, 2009, pp. xxvii, 1095 pp.

Mills, Bruce. "Teaching Douglass's Narrative in the United States Literature Survey." Approaches to Teaching World Literature (Atwl), edited by James C. Hall, Modern Language Association of America, 1999, p. 174 pp.

Mitchell, W. J. T. "Narrative, Memory, and Slavery." Cultural Artifacts and the Production of Meaning: The Page, the Image, and the Body, edited by Margaret J. M. Ezell and Katherine O'Brien O'Keeffe, U of Michigan P, 1994, p. 252 pp.

Mixon, Wayne. "The Shadow of Slavery: Frederick Douglass, the Savage South, and the Next Generation." Cambridge Studies in American Literature and Culture (Csalc), edited by Eric J. Sundquist, Cambridge UP, 1991, p. 295 pp.

Mohamed, Ali N. "Civil Rights in the Nineteenth Century: Frederick Douglass Vs. The Pro-Republican Press." Proteus: A Journal of Ideas, vol. 12, no. 1, 1995, pp. 29-34.

Monot, Pierre-Heli. Mensch Als Methode: Allgemeine Hermeneutik Und Partielle Demokratie: Friedrich Schleiermacher, Ralph Waldo Emerson, Frederick Douglass. Universitatsverlag Winter, 2016.American Studies: A Monograph Series (Amstudies).

Montas, Roosevelt. "Meaning and Transcendence: Melville, Douglass, and the Anxiety of Interpretation." Leviathan: A Journal of Melville Studies, vol. 10, no. 2, 2008, pp. 69-83.

Moody, Joycelyn K. "Personal Places: Slavery and Mission in Graduate Seminars." Approaches to Teaching World Literature (Atwl), edited by James C. Hall, Modern Language Association of America, 1999, p. 174 pp.

Moore, Steven T. Black Rage in African American Literature before the Civil Rights Movement: Frederick Douglass, Harriet Jacobs, Charles Chesnutt, Nella Larsen, Richard Wright, and Ann Petry.2008.

Moreno, Elena. El Discurso Del Poder Y La Lucha De Contrarios En La Narrativa De La Esclavitud En Cuba Y Estados Unidos. 2006.

Morgan, Winifred. "Gender-Related Difference in the Slave Narratives of Harriet Jacobs and Frederick Douglass." American Studies, vol. 35, no. 2, 1994, pp. 73-94, http://www.jstor.org/stable/40642688.

Morton, Nanette June. Houses of Bondage, Loopholes of Retreat: Space and Place in Four African American Slave Narratives. 2003.

Moses, Wilson J. "Dark Forests and Barbarian Vigor: Paradox, Conflict, and Africanity in Black Writing before 1914." American Literary History, vol. 1, no. 3, 1989, pp. 637-655.

---. "Writing Freely? Frederick Douglass and the Constraints of Racialized Writing." Cambridge Studies in American Literature and Culture (Csalc), edited by Eric J. Sundquist, Cambridge UP, 1991, p. 295 pp.

---. "Frederick Douglass." Prospects for the Study of American Literature: A Guide for Scholars and Students, edited by Richard Kopley, New York UP, 1997, pp. xvi, 347 pp.

---. "Prospects for the Study of Frederick Douglass." Resources for American Literary Study, vol. 23, no. 1, 1997, pp. 1-18.

Moses, Wilson Jeremiah. Creative Conflict in African American Thought: Frederick Douglass, Alexander Crummell, Booker T. Washington, W. E. B. Du Bois, and Marcus Garvey. Cambridge UP, 2004.

Moss, Andrew Patrick. The Cultural Constitution of the Post-Republic: Eighteenth-Century Politics and Nineteenth-Century Literary Form. 2010.

Mullane, James Thomas. Windows to Critical Thinking: Perspectives on Pedagogy in Henry James's 'the Bostonians', Carson Mccullers's 'the Heart Is a Lonely Hunter', and Frederick Douglass's 'Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass, an American Slave'. 1994.

---. "The Road to 'I'dentity in Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglas, an American Slave." CEA Critic: An Official Journal of the College English Association, vol. 57, no. 2, 1995, pp. 26-40.

Mullen, Harryette Romell. Gender and the Subjugated Body: Readings of Race, Subjectivity, and Difference in the Construction of Slave Narratives. 1990.

Murphy, Laura T. "The Reemergence of the Slave Narrative Tradition and the Search for a New Frederick Douglass." The Routledge Companion to Literature and Human Rights, edited by Sophia A. McClennan and Alexandra Schultheis Moore, Routledge, 2015, pp. xxi, 528 pp.

Murphy, Sharon M. "Frederick Douglass." Dictionary of Literary Biography (Dlb), edited by Perry J. Ashley, Gale, 1985, pp. xiv, 490 pp.

Nagler, Jorg. "Abraham Lincoln's Attitudes on Slavery and Race." American Studies Journal, vol. 53, 2009, p. (no pagination), http://asjournal.org.

Napier, Winston. "Affirming Critical Conceptualism: Harlem Renaissance Aesthetics and the Formation of Alain Locke's Social Philosophy." Massachusetts Review: A Quarterly of Literature, the Arts and Public Affairs, vol. 39, no. 1, 1998, pp. 93-112, http://www.jstor.org/stable/25091404?origin=pubexport.

Nayar, Sheila J. "The Enslaved Narrative: White Overseers and the Ambiguity of the Story-Told Self in Early African-American Autobiography." Biography: An Interdisciplinary Quarterly, vol. 39, no. 2, 2016, pp. 197-227, http://muse.jhu.edu/article/633729.

Neary, Janet and Hollis Robbins. "African American Literature of the Gold Rush." Mapping Region in Early American Writing, edited by Edward Watts et al., U of Georgia P, 2015, pp. x, 310 pp. http://muse.jhu.edu/book/43547.

Nelson, Julie R. "The Best of Intentions: Anna Murray Douglass, Helen Pitts Douglass, and the Challenge of Social Equality." Proteus: A Journal of Ideas, vol. 12, no. 1, 1995, pp. 39-42.

Newman, Lance. "Free Soil and the Abolitionist Forests of Frederick Douglass's 'the Heroic Slave'." American Literature: A Journal of Literary History, Criticism, and Bibliography, vol. 81, no. 1, 2009, pp. 127-152.

Newman, Richard S. "Black Is Bountiful: From Heroic Action to Artistic Heroism in Afro-Atlantic History." African American Review, vol. 45, no. 4, 2012, pp. 514-518, http://muse.jhu.edu/journals/african_american_review/v045/45.4.newman.html.

Newtown, George. "From Bottom to Top: Frederick Douglass Glimpses Male Identity from the Closet." A/B: Auto/Biography Studies, vol. 20, no. 2, 2005, pp. 246-267.

Nichols, William W. "Individualism and Autobiographical Art: Frederick Douglass and Henry Thoreau." College Language Association Journal, vol. 16, 1972, pp. 145-158.

Nielsen, Cynthia R. "Resistance Is Not Futile: Frederick Douglass on Panoptic Plantations and the Un-Making of Docile Bodies and Enslaved Souls." Philosophy and Literature, vol. 35, no. 2, 2011, pp. 251-268, http://muse.jhu.edu/journals/philosophy_and_literature/v035/35.2.nielsen.html.

Nielson, Erik. "'Go in De Wilderness': Evading the 'Eyes of Others' in the Slave Songs." Western Journal of Black Studies, vol. 35, no. 2, 2011, pp. 106-117.

Niemtzow, Annette. "The Problematic of Self in Autobiography: The Example of the Slave Narrative." Essays in Lit., edited by John Sekora and Darwin T. Turner, Western Illinois Univ., 1982, p. 149 pp.

Nimmo, Kristi K. "A Preface Towards a Reading of the Douglass Narrative." West Virginia University Philological Papers, vol. 38, 1992, pp. 38-48.

Noble, Marianne. "Sympathetic Listening in Frederick Douglass's 'the Heroic Slave' and My Bondage and My Freedom'." Studies in American Fiction, vol. 34, no. 1, 2006, pp. 53-68.

Noguchi, Keiko. "Frederick Douglass's My Bondage and My Freedom: Americanization and Novelization of Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass, an American Slave." Tsuda Review: The Journal of the Department of English Literature, Culture, Language, and Communication., vol. 56, 2012, pp. 1-21, 109.

---. "Richard Hildreth's the Slave; or, Memoirs of Archy Moore: A Precursor of Antislavery Fiction." Tsuda Review: The Journal of the Department of English Literature, Culture, Language, and Communication., vol. 58, 2013, pp. 1-21, 131.

Noll, Mark A. "Genres of Redemption: African Americans, the Bible, and Slavery from Lemuel Haynes to Frederick Douglass." Studies in Christianity and Literature (Studies in Christianity and Literature), edited by Roger Lundin, Baylor UP, 2009, p. 205 pp. http://muse.jhu.edu/books/9781602582781.

Nwankwo, Ifeoma C. K. "Douglass's Black Atlantic: The Caribbean." Cambridge Companions to Literature (Cctl), edited by Maurice S. Lee, Cambridge UP, 2009, pp. xix, 192 pp.

Nwankwo, Ifeoma Kiddoe. Black Cosmopolitanism: Racial Consciousness and Transnational Identity in the Nineteenth-Century Americas. U of Pennsylvania P, 2005. Rethinking the Americas (Rethinking the Americas).

O'Meally, Robert G. "Frederick Douglass' 1845 Narrative: The Text Was Meant to Be Preached." Afro-American Literature: The Reconstruction of Instruction, edited by Dexter Fisher and Robert B. Stepto, MLA, 1979, p. 256 pp.

O'Neill, Peter. "Frederick Douglass and the Irish." Foilsiu: An Interdisciplinary Journal of Irish Studies, vol. 5, no. 1, 2006, pp. 57-81.

Olney, James. "'I Was Born': Slave Narratives, Their Status as Autobiography, and as Literature." The Slave's Narrative, edited by Charles T. Davis and Henry Louis Gates, Jr., Oxford UP, 1985, pp. xxxiv, 342 pp.

---. "The Founding Fathers-Frederick Douglass and Booker T. Washington." Selected Papers from the English Institute (Spei), edited by Deborah E. McDowell and Arnold Rampersad, Johns Hopkins UP, 1989, pp. xvi, 172 pp.

---. "The Founding Fathers-Frederick Douglass and Booker T. Washington; or, the Idea of Democracy and a Tradition of Afro-American Autobiography." Amerikastudien/American Studies, vol. 35, no. 3, 1990, pp. 281-296.

Olson, Jon. Frederick Douglass and a Process of Cultural Literacy Empowerment. 1989.

Opie, Frederick Douglass. "Eating, Dancing, and Courting in New York Black and Latino Relations, 1930-1970." Journal of Social History, vol. 42, no. 1, 2008, pp. 79-109, http://muse.jhu.edu/journals/journal_of_social_history/v042/42.1.opie.html

http://www.jstor.org/stable/25096599.

Ostendorf, Bernd. "Violence and Freedom: The Covey Episode in Frederick Douglass' Autobiography." Erlanger Forschungen A: Geisteswissenschaften (Efg), edited by Dieter Meindl et al., Universitatsbund Erlangen-Nurnberg, 1985, pp. xxii, 521 pp.

Paddon, Anna R. and Sally Turner. "Douglass's Triumphant Days at the World's Columbian Exposition." Proteus: A Journal of Ideas, vol. 12, no. 1, 1995, pp. 43-47.

Padgett, Chris. "Finding His Voice: The Liberations of Frederick Douglass, 1818-1848." Proteus: A Journal of Ideas, vol. 12, no. 1, 1995, pp. 10-14.

Painter, Nell Irvin. "Ut Pictura Poesis; or, the Sisterhood of the Verbal and Visual Arts." Writing Biography: Historians and Their Craft, edited by Lloyd E. Ambrosius, U of Nebraska P, 2004, pp. xiii, 166 pp.

Paris, Peter J. "Basic African American Values: Gifts to the World." Soundings: An Interdisciplinary Journal, vol. 81, no. 3-4, 1998, pp. 553-570.

Park, Jai Young. "The Heroic Slave: An Exposition of Douglass in His Narrative." Nineteenth Century Literature in English, vol. 10, no. 1, 2006, pp. 225-244.

Park, Soon Young. "Silence and Eloquence in Frederick Douglass's 'the Heroic Slave' and Herman Melville's 'Benito Cereno': A Preliminary Study." Eibun Gakkai Ho, vol. 37, 2010, pp. 1-22.

Passino, Sarah McAuley. Pirating Human Rights. 2011.

Patterson, Anita. "Doing More Than Patrick Henry: Douglass's Narrative and Nineteenth-Century American Protest Writing." Approaches to Teaching World Literature (Atwl), edited by James C. Hall, Modern Language Association of America, 1999, p. 174 pp.

Patterson, John S. "A Garrisonian Discussion of Prejudice: 'Not One Dares to Rise'." New England Quarterly: A Historical Review of New England Life and Letters, vol. 48, no. 4, 1975, pp. 564-570.

Payne, James C. A Content Analysis of Speeches and Written Documents of Six Black Spokesmen: Frederick Douglass, Booker T. Washington, Marcus Garvey, W.E.B. Dubois, Martin Luther King,Jr., and Malcolm X. 1973.

Pearson, Erin. Savage Hunger: Cannibalism and the Discourse on Slavery in the United States and Caribbean. 2015.

Pease, Donald E. "From the Camp to the Commons: Biopolitical Alter-Geographies in Douglass and Melville." Arizona Quarterly: A Journal of American Literature, Culture, and Theory, vol. 72, no. 3, 2016, pp. 1-23, http://muse.jhu.edu/article/634115.

Peeples, Scott. "Where Were Douglass and Melville on April 15, 1865." Leviathan: A Journal of Melville Studies, vol. 10, no. 2, 2008, pp. 37-49.

Pelmas, Sarah. "Freedom's Performative Legacy." Qui Parle: Literature, Philosophy, Visual Arts, History, vol. 7, no. 1, 1993, pp. 22-56.

Perry, Patsy B. "The Literary Content of Frederick Douglass' Paper through 1860." College Language Association Journal, vol. 17, 1973, pp. 214-229.

---. "Before the North Star: Frederick Douglass' Early Journalistic Career." Phylon: The Atlanta University Review of Race and Culture, vol. 35, no. 1, 1974, pp. 96-107.

Perry, Patsy D. B. Frederick Douglass: Editor and Journalist. 1972.

Peters, Pearlie. "A Reinvestigation of the Douglass-Nantucket Connection." Zora Neale Hurston Forum, vol. 17, 2003, pp. 29-52.

Pettinger, Alasdair. "The Black Atlantic." Handbooks of English and American Studies (Handbooks of English and American Studies), edited by Julia Straub, de Gruyter, 2016, pp. x, 622 pp.

Peyser, Thomas. "The Attack on Christianity in Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass, an American Slave." Explicator, vol. 69, no. 2, 2011, pp. 86-89.

Phillips, Rowan Ricardo. When Blackness Rhymes with Blackness. Dalkey Archive, 2010.

Piccinato, Stefania. "Autobiografia E Esemplarita: Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass." Studi & Ricerche, edited by Anna Lucia Accardo et al., Bulzoni, 1988, p. 262 pp.

---. "Dal Nulla All'essere: Percorso Di Una Costruzione D'identita Della Collettivita Afroamericana." RSA: Rivista di Studi Anglo-Americani, vol. 5, no. 7, 1989, pp. 247-253.

Piper, Henry Dan. "The Place of Frederick Douglass's Narrative of the Life of an American Slave in the Development of a Native American Prose Style." Journal of Afro-American Issues, vol. 5, 1977, pp. 183-191.

---. "Frederick Douglass and Colloquial American Prose Style: A Study in Language Proficiency and Cultural Dominance." Occasional Papers on Linguistics, edited by James Erskine Redden, Southern Illinois Univ. Dept. of Ling, 1977, p. 273 pp.

Piper, Henry Dan and James Erskine Redden. "Frederick Douglass and Colloquial American Prose Style: A Study in Language Proficiency and Cultural Dominance." Opling, edited by James E. Redden, Southern Illinois Univ. Dept. of Ling, 1977, p. 273 pp.

Pitre, Merline. Frederick Douglass: A Party Loyalist, 1870-1895. 1976.

---. "Frederick Douglass: The Politician Vs. The Social Reformer." Phylon: The Atlanta University Review of Race and Culture, vol. 40, no. 3, 1979, pp. 270-277.

Polyne, Millery. From Douglass to Duvalier: U. S. African Americans, Haiti, and Pan Americanism, 1870-1964. UP of Florida, 2010. New World Diasporas (New World Diasporas).

Portelli, Sandro. "Who Ain't a Slave? On the University of Frederick Douglass." GRAAT: Publication des Groupes de Recherches Anglo-Americaines de l'Universite Francois Rabelais de Tours, vol. 27, 2003, pp. 59-73.

Pratt, Lloyd. "Alternative Communication Practices and the Industrial Book: Part 1, Speech, Print, and Reform on Nantucket." A History of the Book in America, Volume 3: The Industrial Book, 1840-1880, edited by Scott E. Casper et al., U of North Carolina P; American Antiquarian Society, 2007, pp. xix, 539 pp.

---. "Human Beyond Understanding: Frederick Douglass's New Liberal Individual." Novel: A Forum on Fiction, vol. 43, no. 1, 2010, pp. 47-52.

---. "'I Am a Stranger with Thee': Frederick Douglass and Recognition after 1845." American Literature: A Journal of Literary History, Criticism, and Bibliography, vol. 85, no. 2, 2013, pp. 247-272.

Pratt, Lloyd Presley. "Progress, Labor, Revolution: The Modern Times of Antebellum African American Life Writing." Novel: A Forum on Fiction, vol. 34, no. 1, 2000, pp. 56-76.

Preston-McGee, Robyn Merideth. Bitter-Sweet Home: The Pastoral Ideal in African-American Literature, from Douglass to Wright. 2012.

Prioleau, Rachelle Charisse. Combining Abolitionism and Women's Suffrage: The Agenda-Building Process and Discursive Strategies of Frederick Douglass. 2001.

Prus, Randy. "Citizen Douglass and Gendered Nationalism." A/B: Auto/Biography Studies, vol. 16, no. 1, 2001, pp. 71-89.

---. "Frederick Douglass's Lost Cause: Lynching and the Body Politic in 'the Lessons of the Hour'." Journal x: A Journal in Culture and Criticism, vol. 9, no. 1, 2004, pp. 71-86.

Quarles, Benjamin. "Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass." Landmarks of American Writing, edited by Hennig Cohen, Basic Books, 1969, pp. 90-100.

---. "Frederick Douglass: Black Imperishable." Quarterly Journal of the Library of Congress, vol. 29, 1972, pp. 159-169.

---. Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass, an American Slave: Written by Himself. Belknap Harvard UP, 1988.

Ramsey, William M. "Frederick Douglass, Southerner." Southern Literary Journal, vol. 40, no. 1, 2007, pp. 19-38, http://muse.jhu.edu/journals/southern_literary_journal/v040/40.1ramsey.html.

Ray, Angela G. "Frederick Douglass on the Lyceum Circuit: Social Assimilation, Social Transformation?" Rhetoric and Public Affairs, vol. 5, no. 4, 2002, pp. 625-648, http://muse.jhu.edu/journals/rhetoric_and_public_affairs/v005/5.4ray.html.

---. The Lyceum and Public Culture in the Nineteenth-Century United States. Michigan State UP, 2005.

---. "Making History by Analogy: Frederick Douglass Remembers William the Silent." Argumentation in Context (Argumentation in Context), edited by Frans H. van Eemeren and Bart Garssen, Benjamins, 2012, pp. xx, 398 pp.

Raybourn, Carole A. "The Black Aesthetic in Frederick Douglass's Narrative." Postscript: Publication of the Philological Association of the Carolinas, vol. 14, 1997, pp. 29-41.

Reynolds, Larry J. Righteous Violence: Revolution, Slavery, and the American Renaissance. U of Georgia P, 2011.

Rice, Alan J. "Hidden Heroes of the Black Atlantic." African American Review, vol. 45, no. 4, 2012, pp. 504-510, http://muse.jhu.edu/journals/african_american_review/v045/45.4.rice.html.

Richardson, Mark. "Frederick Douglass' My Bondage and My Freedom." American Writers Classics, I, edited by Jay Parini, Thomson Gale, 2003, pp. xiv, 388 pp.

Ripley, Peter. "The Autobiographical Writings of Frederick Douglass." Southern Studies: An Interdisciplinary Journal of the South, vol. 24, no. 1, 1985, pp. 5-29.

Riss, Arthur. Race, Slavery, and Liberalism in Nineteenth-Century American Literature. Cambridge UP, 2006. Cambridge Studies in American Literature and Culture (Csalc).

---. "Sentimental Douglass." Cambridge Companions to Literature (Cctl), edited by Maurice S. Lee, Cambridge UP, 2009, pp. xix, 192 pp.

Roberts, Brian Russell. Artistic Ambassadors: Literary and International Representation of the New Negro Era. U of Virginia P, 2013. American Literatures Initiative (American Literatures Initiative).

Robinson, Angelo Rich. "'Mammy Ain't Nobody Name': The Subject of Mammy Revisited in Shirley Anne William's Dessa Rose." Southern Quarterly: A Journal of the Arts in the South, vol. 49, no. 1, 2011, pp. 50-68.

Robson, Tom. 'The Greatest Living Genius of the Race': Henrietta Vinton Davis-Elocutionist, Actress, Activist. 2011.

Ross, Jerry Paul. Frederick Douglass: An American Adult Educator. 2011.

Ross, Kelly. Marks and Traces: The Origins of Literary Detection in the Antebellum United States. 2013.

Rothenberg, Kelly. "Frederick Douglass' Narrative and the Subtext of Folklore." Griot: Official Journal of the Southern Conference on Afro-American Studies, Inc., vol. 14, no. 1, 1995, pp. 48-53.

Rowe, John Carlos. "Between Politics and Poetics: Frederick Douglass and Postmodernity." Reconstructing American Literary and Historical Studies, edited by Gunter H. Lenz et al., Campus, 1990, p. 435 pp.

Roy, Michael. "Cheap Editions, Little Books, and Handsome Duodecimos: A Book History Approach to Antebellum Slave Narratives." MELUS: The Journal of the Society for the Study of the Multi-Ethnic Literature of the United States, vol. 40, no. 3, 2015, pp. 69-93, http://muse.jhu.edu/journals/melus/v040/40.3.roy.html.

Royer, Daniel J. "The Process of Literacy as Communal Involvement in the Narratives of Frederick Douglass." African American Review, vol. 28, no. 3, 1994, pp. 363-374.

Rudoff, Shaindy. "Tarring the Garden: The Bible and the Aesthetics of Slavery in Douglass's Narrative." ESQ: A Journal of the American Renaissance, vol. 46, no. 4 [181], 2000, pp. 213-237.

Rusert, Britt. "Delany's Comet: Fugitive Science and the Speculative Imaginary of Emancipation." American Quarterly, vol. 65, no. 4, 2013, pp. 799-829, http://muse.jhu.edu/journals/american_quarterly/v065/65.4.rusert.html.

Ryan, Susan M. The Grammar of Good Intentions: Race & the Antebellum Culture of Benevolence. Cornell UP, 2003.

---. "Douglass, Melville, and the Moral Economies of American Authorship." Frederick Douglass and Herman Melville: Essays in Relation, edited by Robert S. Levine and Samuel Otter, U of North Carolina P, 2008, pp. vii, 475 pp.

Ryden, Wendy. "Conflicted Literacy: Frederick Douglass's Critical Model." Journal of Basic Writing, vol. 24, no. 1, 2005, pp. 4-23.

---. "Rhetoric or Romance? Opposition and Progress in Frederick Douglass's Representations of Literacy." Routledge Studies in Romanticism (Routledge Studies in Romanticism), edited by Monika M. Elbert and Lesley Ginsberg, Routledge, 2015, pp. xi, 290 pp.

Sale, Maggie. "Critiques from Within: Antebellum Projects of Resistance." American Literature: A Journal of Literary History, Criticism, and Bibliography, vol. 64, no. 4, 1992, pp. 695-718.

---. "To Make the Past Useful: Frederick Douglass' Politics of Solidarity." Arizona Quarterly: A Journal of American Literature, Culture, and Theory, vol. 51, no. 3, 1995, pp. 25-60.

Sale, Maggie Montesinos. The Slumbering Volcano: American Slave Ship Revolts and the Production of Rebellious Masculinity. Duke UP, 1997. New Americanists (New Americanists).

Salt, Karen. "The Language of Politics in the Literary Archive of Black Sovereignty." J19: The Journal of Nineteeth-Century Americanists, vol. 3, no. 2, 2015, pp. 392-399, http://muse.jhu.edu/journals/the_journal_of_nineteenth_century_americanists/v003/3.2.salt.html.

Savoie, John. "Dunbar, Douglass, Milton: Authorial Agon and the Integrated Canon." College Literature, vol. 37, no. 2, 2010, pp. 24-47.

Scheick, William J. "Frederick Douglass (1818-1895)." Writers of the American Renaissance: An a-to-Z Guide, edited by Denise D. Knight, Greenwood, 2003, pp. xiii, 458 pp.

Schell, Jennifer. A Bold and Hardy Race of Men: The Lives and Literature of American Whalemen. U of Massachusetts P, 2013.

---. "'I Was Now Living in a New World': Frederick Douglass, Herman Melville, and New Bedford's Cosmopolitan Locality." Mapping Region in Early American Writing, edited by Edward Watts et al., U of Georgia P, 2015, pp. x, 310 pp. http://muse.jhu.edu/book/43547.

Schilb, John. Rhetorical Refusals: Defying Audiences' Expectations. Southern Illinois UP, 2007.

Schmidt, Shannon Mckenna and Joni Rendon. Writers between the Covers: The Scandalous Romantic Lives of Legendary Literary Casanovas, Coquettes, and Cads. Plume, 2013.

Scholnick, Robert J. "'The Man [and Woman] at the Other End of the Lever': Douglass, Stowe, and the Perils and Promise of Living in a Global Village." Resources for American Literary Study, vol. 30, 2005, pp. 43-75.

Schultz, Elizabeth. "Incidents in the Life of Frederick Douglass." Approaches to Teaching World Literature (Atwl), edited by James C. Hall, Modern Language Association of America, 1999, p. 174 pp.

Sekora, John. "The Dilemma of Frederick Douglass: The Slave Narrative as Literary Institution." Essays in Literature, vol. 10, no. 2, 1983, pp. 219-226.

---. "Comprehending Slavery; Language and Personal History in Douglass' Narrative of 1845." College Language Association Journal, vol. 29, no. 2, 1985, pp. 157-170.

---. "The Legacy of Frederick Douglass." African American Review, vol. 28, no. 3, 1994, pp. 473-479.

---. "'Mr. Editor, If You Please': Frederick Douglass, My Bondage and My Freedom, and the End of the Abolitionist Imprint." Callaloo: A Journal of African American and African Arts and Letters, vol. 17, no. 2, 1994, pp. 608-626.

Selby, Gary S. "The Limits of Accommodation: Frederick Douglass and the Garrisonian Abolitionists." Southern Communication Journal, vol. 66, no. 1, 2000, pp. 52-66.

---. "Mocking the Sacred: Frederick Douglass's 'Slaveholder's Sermon' and the Antebellum Debate over Religion and Slavery." Quarterly Journal of Speech, vol. 88, no. 3, 2002, pp. 326-341.

Sesnic, Jelena. "Rodoslovlje Afroamericke Autobiografije: Od Plantaze Do Bijele Kuce." Knjizevna Smotra, vol. 41, no. 1 [151], 2009, pp. 23-30.

Shen, Dan and Dejin Xu. "Intratextuality, Extratextuality, Intertextuality: Unreliability in Autobiography Versus Fiction." Poetics Today, vol. 28, no. 1, 2007, pp. 43-87.

Shimizu, Tadashige. "1850 Nendai No F. Dagurasu." Kobe Jogakuin Daigaku Kenkyujo Yakuin/Kobe College Studies, vol. 51, no. 2 [150], 2004, pp. 149-164.

---. "Furederikku Dagurasu." Kobe Jogakuin Daigaku Kenkyujo Yakuin/Kobe College Studies, vol. 50, no. 3 [148], 2004, pp. 43-58.

Sieck, Jennifer Johns. Mixtheory: Non-Linguistic Communal Expression in African American Literature. 2010.

Silverman, Gillian. Bodies and Books: Reading and the Fantasy of Communion in Nineteenth-Century America. U of Pennsylvania P, 2012.

Simmons, Renee Antoinette. Frederick Douglass O'neal: Black Pioneer of the 20th Century American Theatre. 1994.

Simson, Rennie. "Christianity: Hypocrisy and Honesty in the Afro-American Novel of the Mid-19th Century." University of Dayton Review, vol. 15, no. 3, 1982, pp. 11-16.

Sinanan, Kerry. "The Slave Narrative and the Literature of Abolition." The Cambridge Companion to the African American Slave Narrative, edited by Audrey A. Fisch, Cambridge UP, 2007, pp. xix, 266 pp.

Sinche, Bryan. "The End of the Ocean." Atlantic Studies: Literary, Cultural, and Historical Perspectives, vol. 13, no. 2, 2016, pp. 249-264.

Sisco, Lisa. "'Writing in the Spaces Left': Literacy as a Process of Becoming in the Narratives of Frederick Douglass." American Transcendental Quarterly, vol. 9, no. 3, 1995, pp. 195-227.

Sliwinski, Sharon. "Inventing Human Dignity." The Routledge Companion to Literature and Human Rights, edited by Sophia A. McClennan and Alexandra Schultheis Moore, Routledge, 2015, pp. xxi, 528 pp.

Slote, Ben. "Revising Freely: Frederick Douglass and the Politics of Disembodiment." A/B: Auto/Biography Studies, vol. 11, no. 1, 1996, pp. 19-37.

Smith, Annette. "De Frederick Douglass a Madame De Gasparin: Metamorphoses Du Recit De L'esclave." Etudes Litteraires Francaises (Elf), edited by Regis Antoine, Narr, 1993, pp. xix, 642 pp.

Smith, John David. My Bondage and My Freedom. Penguin, 2003. Penguin Classics (Penguin Classics).

Smith, James McCune et al. "African American Males." American Public Discourse: A Multicultural Perspective, edited by Ronald K. Burke, UP of America, 1992, pp. xii, 328 pp.

Smith, Sidonie. "Performativity, Autobiographical Practice, Resistance." A/B: Auto/Biography Studies, vol. 10, no. 1, 1995, pp. 17-33.

Smith, Valerie. "Born into Slavery: Echoes and Legacies." Cambridge Companions to Literature (Cctl), edited by Maurice S. Lee, Cambridge UP, 2009, pp. xix, 192 pp.

Smith, Virginia Whatley. "They Sing the Song of Slavery: Frederick Douglass's Narrative and W. E. B. Du Bois's the Souls of Black Folk as Intertexts of Richard Wright's 12 Million Black Voices."The Souls of Black Folk One Hundred Years Later, edited by Dolan Hubbard, U of Missouri P, 2003, pp. xiii, 341 pp.

Soares, Rebecca. "Literary Graftings: Hannah Crafts's the Bondwoman's Narrative and the Nineteenth-Century Transatlantic Reader." Victorian Periodicals Review, vol. 44, no. 1, 2011, pp. 1-23, http://muse.jhu.edu/journals/victorian_periodicals_review/v044/44.1.soares.html.

Specq, Francois. "(Un)Framing the Mind: Where on Earth Is Walden?" ESQ: A Journal of the American Renaissance, vol. 52, no. 4 [205], 2006, pp. 319-338, http://muse.jhu.edu/journals/esq/summary/v052/52.4.specq.html.

Stauffer, John. "Frederick Douglass and the Aesthetics of Freedom." Raritan: A Quarterly Review, vol. 25, no. 1, 2005, pp. 114-136.

---. "Frederick Douglass's Self Fashioning and the Making of a Representative American Man." The Cambridge Companion to the African American Slave Narrative, edited by Audrey A. Fisch, Cambridge UP, 2007, pp. xix, 266 pp.

---. "Interracial Friendship and the Aesthetics of Freedom." Frederick Douglass and Herman Melville: Essays in Relation, edited by Robert S. Levine and Samuel Otter, U of North Carolina P, 2008, pp. vii, 475 pp.

---. Giants: The Parallel Lives of Frederick Douglass and Abraham Lincoln. Twelve, 2008.

---. "Douglass's Self-Making and the Culture of Abolitionism." Cambridge Companions to Literature (Cctl), edited by Maurice S. Lee, Cambridge UP, 2009, pp. xix, 192 pp.

Stauffer, John and Henry Louis Gates. The Portable Frederick Douglass. Penguin, 2016. Penguin Classics (Penguin Classics).

Stauffer, John et al. Picturing Frederick Douglass: An Illustrated Biography of the Nineteenth Century's Most Photographed American. Liveright, 2015.

Steele, Jeffrey. "Douglass and Sentimental Rhetoric." Approaches to Teaching World Literature (Atwl), edited by James C. Hall, Modern Language Association of America, 1999, p. 174 pp.

Sten, Christopher. "City of Hope and Fear: Douglass and Melville in the Nation's Capital." Leviathan: A Journal of Melville Studies, vol. 10, no. 2, 2008, pp. 23-36.

Stephens, Gregory. "Arguing with a Monument: Frederick Douglass' Resolution of the 'White Man Problem' in His 'Oration in Memory of Lincoln'." Comparative American Studies: An International Journal, vol. 13, no. 3, 2015, pp. 129-145.

Stepto, Robert B. "Narration, Authentication, and Authorial Control in Frederick Douglass' Narrative of 1845." Afro-American Literature: The Reconstruction of Instruction, edited by Dexter Fisher and Robert B. Stepto, MLA, 1979, p. 256 pp.

---. "Storytelling in Early Afro-American Fiction: Frederick Douglass' 'the Heroic Slave'." The Georgia Review, vol. 36, no. 2, 1982, pp. 355-368, http://www.jstor.org/stable/41399725.

---. "Sharing the Thunder: The Literary Exchanges of Harriet Beecher Stowe, Henry Bibb, and Frederick Douglass." Amer. Novel, edited by Eric J. Sundquist, Cambridge UP, 1986, pp. viii, 200 pp.

---. "Sharing the Thunder: The Literary Exchanges of Harriet Beecher Stowe, Henry Bibb, and Frederick Douglass." American Novel (Amnov), edited by Eric J. Sundquist, Cambridge UP, 1986, pp. viii, 200 pp.

---. "Narration, Authentication, and Authorial Control in Frederick Douglass' Narrative of 1845." New Century Views (New Century Views), edited by William L. Andrews, Prentice Hall, 1993, pp. viii, 231 pp.

---. A Home Elsewhere: Reading African American Classics in the Age of Obama. Harvard UP, 2010.

Stone, Albert E. "Identity and Art in Frederick Douglass's Narrative." College Language Association Journal, vol. 17, 1973, pp. 192-213.

Stuckey, Sterling. "'Ironic Tenacity': Frederick Douglass's Seizure of the Dialect." Cambridge Studies in American Literature and Culture (Csalc), edited by Eric J. Sundquist, Cambridge UP, 1991, p. 295 pp.

---. "Foreshadowings and Fulfillment: The Ring Shout, the Blues and Jazz in the Works of Douglass, Melville and Baldwin." Letterature d'America: Rivista Trimestrale, vol. 21, no. 86, 2001, pp. 45-61.

---. "Cheer and Gloom: Douglass and Melville on Slave Dance and Music." Frederick Douglass and Herman Melville: Essays in Relation, edited by Robert S. Levine and Samuel Otter, U of North Carolina P, 2008, pp. vii, 475 pp.

---. African Culture and Melville's Art: The Creative Process in Benito Cereno and Moby-Dick. Oxford UP, 2009.

Sundquist, Eric J. "Slavery, Revolution, and the American Renaissance." Selected Essays from the English Institute (Seei), edited by Walter Benn Michaels and Donald E. Pease, Johns Hopkins UP, 1985, pp. xi, 217 pp.

---. Frederick Douglass: New Literary and Historical Essays. Cambridge UP, 1991. Cambridge Studies in American Literature and Culture (Csalc).

---. Empire and Slavery in American Literature, 1820-1865. UP of Mississippi, 2006.

---. "1855/1955: From Antislavery to Civil Rights." Frederick Douglass and Herman Melville: Essays in Relation, edited by Robert S. Levine and Samuel Otter, U of North Carolina P, 2008, pp. vii, 475 pp.

Sundstrom, Ronald. "Frederick Douglass's Longing for the End of Race." Philosophia Africana: Analysis of Philosophy and Issues in Africa and the Black Diaspora, vol. 8, no. 2, 2005, pp. 143-170.

Sweeney, Fionnghuala. "'The Republic of Letters': Frederick Douglass, Ireland, and the Irish Narratives." Eire-Ireland: A Journal of Irish Studies, vol. 36, no. 1-2, 2001, pp. 47-65.

---. "'Mask in Motion': Dialect Spaces and Class Representations in Frederick Douglass' Atlantic Rhetoric." Forecaast: Forum for European Contributions to African American Studies (Forecaast: Forum for European Contributions to African American Studies), edited by Joanne M. Braxton and Maria I. Diedrich, LIT, 2004, p. 154 pp.

---. Frederick Douglass and the Atlantic World. Liverpool UP, 2007.

Swift, Julie Burton. Reading into Race: Unsettled Reading and the Performance of 'Race'. 2011.

Tamarkin, Elisa. "Black Anglophilia; or, the Sociability of Antislavery." American Literary History, vol. 14, no. 3, 2002, pp. 444-478, http://muse.jhu.edu/journals/american_literary_history/v014/14.3tamarkin.html.

---. "The Ethics of Impertinence: Douglass and Melville on England." Frederick Douglass and Herman Melville: Essays in Relation, edited by Robert S. Levine and Samuel Otter, U of North Carolina P, 2008, pp. vii, 475 pp.

Tang, Edward. "Rebirth of a Nation: Frederick Douglass as Postwar Founder in Life and Times." Journal of American Studies, vol. 39, no. 1, 2005, pp. 19-39.

Tatsumi, Takayuki. "Yaneura No Akujo (Ge): Kokujin Josei Dorei Harriet Ann Jacobs No Jiden O Yomu." Eigo Seinen/Rising Generation, vol. 139, no. 12, 1994, pp. 598-600.

Terrill, Robert E. "Irony, Silence, and Time: Frederick Douglass on the Fifth of July." Quarterly Journal of Speech, vol. 89, no. 3, 2003, pp. 216-234.

Terry, Eugene. "Black Autobiography: Discernible Forms." Okike: An African Journal of New Writing, vol. 19, 1981, pp. 6-10.

Terry, Esther. "Sojourner Truth: The Person Behind the Libyan Sibyl." Massachusetts Review: A Quarterly of Literature, the Arts and Public Affairs, vol. 26, no. 2-3, 1985, pp. 425-444, http://www.jstor.org/stable/25089674?origin=pubexport.

Tharaud, Jerome. Evangelical Space: Art, Experience, and the Ethical Landscape in America, 1820-1860. 2012.

Thomas, Laurence M. "Gratitude and Social Equality." Hedgehog Review, vol. 3, no. 1, 2001, pp. 62-77.

Towers, Frank. "African-American Baltimore in the Era of Frederick Douglass." American Transcendental Quarterly, vol. 9, no. 3, 1995, pp. 165-180.

Trodd, Zoe. "A Hid Event, Twice Lived: The Post-War Narrative Sub-Versions of Douglass and Melville." Leviathan: A Journal of Melville Studies, vol. 10, no. 2, 2008, pp. 51-68.

---. "A Hole Story: The Space of Historical Memory in the Abolitionist Imagination." Agency in the Margins: Stories of Outsider Rhetoric, edited by Anne Meade Stockdell-Giesler and Rebecca Ingalls, Fairleigh Dickinson UP, 2010, p. 317 pp.

---. "Assessing Characters of Blood; or, What Is Black Heroism in the Transatlantic Imagination? [Special Section]." African American Review, vol. 45, no. 4, 2012, pp. 495-526, http://muse.jhu.edu/journals/african_american_review/v045/45.4.trodd.html.

---. "The Spaces Left: Resistance and Erasure in Frederick Douglass's Palimpsestic Narratives." Double Vision: Literary Palimpsests of the Eighteenth and Nineteenth Centuries, edited by Darby Lewes, Lexington, 2012, pp. xxii, 273 pp.

Tuhkanen, Mikko. "The Optical Trade: From Slave-Breaking in Frederick Douglass's Narrative to Self-Breaking in Richard Wright's Black Boy." American Studies, vol. 46, no. 2, 2005, pp. 91-116, http://www.jstor.org/stable/40643850.

Turner, W. Burghardt. "The Polemicists: David Walker, Frederick Douglass, Booker T. Washington, and W.E.B. Du Bois." Black American Writers: Bibliographical Essays, I: The Beginnings through the Harlem Renaissance and Langston Hughes, edited by M. Thomas Inge et al., St. Martin's, 1978, p. 217 pp.

Tuttleton, James W. "The Many Lives of Frederick Douglass." The New Criterion, vol. 12, no. 6, 1994, pp. 16-26.

Valenti, Patricia Dunlavy. "Frederick Douglass." Dictionary of Literary Biography (Dlb), edited by Wesley T. Mott, Gale, 2001, pp. xxv, 467 pp.

Van Deburg, William L. "Frederick Douglass: Maryland Slave to Religious Liberal." By These Hands: A Documentary History of African American Humanism, edited by Anthony B. Pinn, New York UP, 2001, pp. xiii, 339 pp.

Van Leer, David. "Reading Slavery: The Anxiety of Ethnicity in Douglass's Narrative." Cambridge Studies in American Literature and Culture (Csalc), edited by Eric J. Sundquist, Cambridge UP, 1991, p. 295 pp.

---. "A View from the Closet: Reconcilable Differences in Douglass and Melville." Frederick Douglass and Herman Melville: Essays in Relation, edited by Robert S. Levine and Samuel Otter, U of North Carolina P, 2008, pp. vii, 475 pp.

Vara-Dannen, Theresa. African-American Experience in Nineteenth-Century Connecticut: Benevolence and Bitterness. Lexington, 2014.

Walker, Peter F. Moral Choices: Memory, Desire, and Imagination in Nineteenth-Century American Abolition. Louisiana State UP, 1978.

Wallace, James D. "The Black Sailor and the Red Rover." James Fenimore Cooper: His Country and His Art, vol. 10, 1995, pp. 85-92.

Wallace, Maurice. "Constructing the Black Masculine: Frederick Douglass, Booker T. Washington, and the Sublimits of African American Autobiography." Subjects and Citizens: Nation, Race, and Gender from Oroonoko to Anita Hill, edited by Michael Moon and Cathy N. Davidson, Duke UP, 1995, pp. vi, 529 pp.

---. "Constructing the Black Masculine: Frederick Douglass, Booker T. Washington, and the Sublimits of African American Autobiography." Next Wave: New Directions in Women's Studies (Next Wave: New Directions in Women's Studies), edited by Cathy N. Davidson and Jessamyn Hatcher, Duke UP, 2002, p. 439 pp.

---. "Riveted to the Wall: Covetous Fathers, Devoted Sons, and the Patriarchial Pieties of Melville and Douglass." Frederick Douglass and Herman Melville: Essays in Relation, edited by Robert S. Levine and Samuel Otter, U of North Carolina P, 2008, pp. vii, 475 pp.

Wallace, Maurice O. "Violence, Manhood, and War in Douglass." Cambridge Companions to Literature (Cctl), edited by Maurice S. Lee, Cambridge UP, 2009, pp. xix, 192 pp.

Wallace, Robert K. "Douglass, Melville, Quincy, Shaw: Epistolary Convergences." Leviathan: A Journal of Melville Studies, vol. 6, no. 2, 2004, pp. 63-71.

---. "Douglass and Melville: 'In Neighborly Style Anchored Together'." Melville Society Extracts, vol. (Supplement), 2005, pp. 3-9.

---. "Fugitive Justice: Douglass, Shaw, Melville." Frederick Douglass and Herman Melville: Essays in Relation, edited by Robert S. Levine and Samuel Otter, U of North Carolina P, 2008, pp. vii, 475 pp.

Wallace, Robert K. and Ivy G. Wilson. "Frederick Douglass and Herman Melville." Leviathan: A Journal of Melville Studies, vol. 10, no. 2, 2008, pp. 3-83.

Walter, Krista. "Trappings of Nationalism in Frederick Douglass's the Heroic Slave." African American Review, vol. 34, no. 2, 2000, pp. 233-247.

Walter, Krista Lynn. Loopholes in History: The Literature of American Slavery as Cultural Critique. 1992.

Wang, Yuping and Jincai Yang. "Cong Huiteli Dao Daogelasi Kan Meiguo Hei Ren Nu Li Wen Xue Zhong De Zi Wo Jian Gou." Foreign Literature Studies/Wai Guo Wen Xue Yan Jiu, vol. 2, no. 112, 2005, pp. 92-98, 173-174.

Wardrop, Daneen. "'While I Am Writing': Webster's 1825 Spelling Book, the Ell, and Frederick Douglass's Positioning of Language." African American Review, vol. 32, no. 4, 1998, pp. 649-660.

Warren, Kenneth W. "Frederick Douglass's Life and Times: Progressive Rhetoric and the Problem of Constituency." Cambridge Studies in American Literature and Culture (Csalc), edited by Eric J. Sundquist, Cambridge UP, 1991, p. 295 pp.

---. "Afterword." Frederick Douglass and Herman Melville: Essays in Relation, edited by Robert S. Levine and Samuel Otter, U of North Carolina P, 2008, pp. vii, 475 pp.

Waters, Carver Wendell. Voice in the Slave Narratives of Olaudah Equiano, Frederick Douglass, and Solomon Northrup. 1989.

Waters, Kristin. "Some Core Themes of Nineteenth-Century Black Feminism." Black Women's Intellectual Traditions: Speaking Their Minds, edited by Kristin Waters and Carol B. Conaway, University of Vermont; UP of New England, 2007, pp. xii, 462 pp.

Watson, Charles S. "Portrayals of the Black and the Idea of Progress: Simms and Douglass." Southern Studies: An Interdisciplinary Journal of the South, vol. 20, no. 4, 1981, pp. 339-350.

Weinauer, Ellen. "Writing Revolt in the Wake of Nat Turner: Frederick Douglass and the Construction of Black Domesticity in 'the Heroic Slave'." Studies in American Fiction, vol. 33, no. 2, 2005, pp. 193-202.

West, Cornel and Christa Buschendorf. Black Prophetic Fire. Beacon, 2014.

Wexler, Laura. "A More Perfect Likeness." Yale Review, vol. 99, no. 4, 2011, pp. 145-169.

Wilburn, Reginald A. Preaching the Gospel of Black Revolt: Appropriating Milton in Early African American Literature. Duquesne UP, 2014. Medieval and Renaissance Literary Studies (Mrls).

Williams, Daniel G. "'Assimilation through Self-Assertion': Aspects of African American and Welsh Thought in the Nineteenth Century." Comparative American Studies: An International Journal, vol. 8, no. 2, 2010, pp. 107-125.

---. Black Skin, Blue Books: African Americans and Wales 1845-1945. U of Wales P, 2012. Writing Wales in English (Writing Wales in English).

Williams, Lorraine A. Africa and the Afro-American Experience: Eight Essays. Howard UP, 1977.

Wilson, Ivy Glenn. 'I Give the Sign of Democracy': Race, Labor, and the Aesthetics of Nationalism. 2002.

Wilson, Ivy G. "On Native Ground: Transnationalism, Frederick Douglass, and 'the Heroic Slave'." PMLA: Publications of the Modern Language Association of America, vol. 121, no. 2, 2006, pp. 453-468.

Wilson, Kirt H. "The Racial Politics of Imitation in the Nineteenth Century." Quarterly Journal of Speech, vol. 89, no. 2, 2003, pp. 89-108.

Wohlpart, A. James. "Privatized Sentiment and the Institution of Christianity: Douglass's Ethical Stance in the Narrative." American Transcendental Quarterly, vol. 9, no. 3, 1995, pp. 181-194.

Wong, Edlie L. Neither Fugitive nor Free: Atlantic Slavery, Freedom Suits, and the Legal Culture of Travel. New York UP, 2009. America and the Long 19th Century (America and the Long 19th Century).

Wood, Mark F. Crises of Authority: Honor Violence in Nineteenth-Century American Literature. 2007.

Woodard, Vincent et al. The Delectable Negro: Human Consumption and Homoeroticism within Us Slave Culture. New York UP, 2014. Sexual Cultures: New Directions from the Center for Lesbian and Gay Studies (Secu).

Woodlief, Ann. The Web of American Transcendentalism. Virginia Commonwealth University.

Wortham, Thomas. "Did Emerson Blackball Frederick Douglass from Membership in the Town and Country Club?" New England Quarterly: A Historical Review of New England Life and Letters, vol. 65, no. 2, 1992, pp. 295-298.

Yarborough, Richard. "Race, Violence, and Manhood: The Masculine Ideal in Frederick Douglass's 'the Heroic Slave'." Cambridge Studies in American Literature and Culture (Csalc), edited by Eric J. Sundquist, Cambridge UP, 1991, p. 295 pp.

---. "Race, Violence, and Manhood: The Masculine Ideal in Frederick Douglass's 'the Heroic Slave'." American South (American South), edited by Anne Goodwyn Jones and Susan V. Donaldson, UP of Virginia, 1997, pp. x, 533 pp.

---. "Frederick Douglass and Theology [Special Section]." Nineteenth-Century Literature, vol. 68, no. 3, 2013, pp. 287-362.

Yorke, Stephanie. "The Slave Narrative Tradition in Lawrence Hill's the Book of Negroes." Studies in Canadian Literature/Etudes en Litterature Canadienne, vol. 35, no. 2, 2010, pp. 129-144.

Young, Izola. The Development of the Narrator as Cultural Hero in the Anti-Slavery Writings of Frederick Douglass. 1989.

Young, Joseph. "A Reversal of the Racialization of History in Hegel's Master/Slave Dialectic (Douglass's 'Heroic Slave' and Melville's Benito Cereno)." Race and the Foundations of Knowledge, edited by Joseph Young and Jana Evans Braziel, U of Illinois P, 2006, pp. vii, 266 pp.

Zafar, Rafia. "Franklinian Douglass: The Afro-American as Representative Man." Cambridge Studies in American Literature and Culture (Csalc), edited by Eric J. Sundquist, Cambridge UP, 1991, p. 295 pp.

Zeitz, Lisa Margaret. "Biblical Allusion and Imagery in Frederick Douglass' Narrative." College Language Association Journal, vol. 25, no. 1, 1981, pp. 56-64.

Zilversmit, Arthur. "Douglass's 'Perplexing Difficulty'." Approaches to Teaching World Literature (Atwl), edited by James C. Hall, Modern Language Association of America, 1999, p. 174 pp.

Zwarg, Christina. "The Work of Trauma: Fuller, Douglass, and Emerson on the Border of Ridicule." Studies in Romanticism, vol. 41, no. 1, 2002, pp. 65-88.

---. "Who's Afraid of Virginia's Nat Turner? Mesmerism, Stowe, and the Terror of Things." American Literature: A Journal of Literary History, Criticism, and Bibliography, vol. 87, no. 1, 2015, pp. 23-50.