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TERMS FOR MIDTERM #1

Following is the list of terms projected before each class. This list will cover the terms for the classes up to the first midterm. This list will be updated as we go along through the semester, so be aware that terms may be added or changed up to the actual class meeting. The list, then, can (and will) change during the semester, but it will be finalized the week before the 1st exam (by September 24th). Two ** indicates this is on the Exam list of works to know.

INTRODUCTION
Marquesas Islands (Te Henua Enana)
Polynesia, tiki
Gauguin
Parthenon; Kondo (Horyu-ji); Palenque
Songs of the Pacific, Fred Graham (Maori/Aotearoa/New Zealand)
aesthetics
connoisseurship
style
iconography

EUROPEAN PREHISTORY
Paleolithic (paleo = old, lithos = stone)
Cro-Magnon people
mammoth
Lion-Human**
freestanding, sculpture in the round
Woman from Willendorf**
limestone, red ochre (iron oxide)
proportion / scale
Aphrodite / Venus
naturalism, idealization, abstraction, realism
relief - high, low, or sunken (intaglio)
additive = built up (e.g. with clay)
subtractive = cut away; beveled
2D plane vs 3D space ('illusion of space' = perspective)
Laussel
Lascaux cave, Dordogne, France (Hall of Bulls**)
Chauvet cave, Ardeche gorge, France
ibex, aurochs
shaman
polychrome, monochrome
manganese oxide
Lascaux, Chauvet
perspective - vertical, diagonal, diminution, overlapping, twisted
narrative
Neolithic
People and Animals**
Woman and Man, Cernavoda**
Carnac
Avebury
Stonehenge**
megalithic
menhir, alignment
dolmen, post and lintel, capstone
cairn, passage grave
cromlech, henge
heelstone
mortice and tenon
trilithon

ANCIENT NEAR EAST
Mesopotamia = land between two rivers (Tigris - Euphrates)
Sumeria - 3500-2340, 2150-2030 BCE
cities: Uruk/Warka/Erech (in Bible); Ur
cuneiform (wedge-shaped), incise, intaglio
cylinder seal
polytheistic religion: key gods: Anu - sky; Nanna (also called Sin) the moon god;
Innana--goddess of love and fertility (becomes Ishtar, Isis, Aphrodite, Venus)
Nanna Ziggurat at Ur**
cone mosaics
style conventions
alabaster
low relief
registers, groundline, hieratic scale
votive statues (from Square Temple**)
Anza
Akkad c. 2340-2180 BCE
Enheduanna (embodiment of Ningal)
Sargon, Stele of Naramsin**
Ishtar (fertility) and Shamash (sun)
Lagash
Gudea**, Geshtinanna
diorite, monumental
Assyria - c. 1000-612 BCE
Citadel of Sargon II - Dur Sharrukin / Khorsabad
lamassu
frieze
Assurnasirpal II
Assurbanipal and Queen**
Neo-Babylonia - c. 612- 539 BCE
Nebuchadnezzar
Ishtar Gate**
glazed bricks
crenellation
Persia (Iran) - 539-331 BCE
Cyrus the Great
Susa = political capital/winter capital
Parsa / Persepolis = ceremonial capital (spring)
Apadana of Darius and Xerxes
Darius and Xerxes Receiving Tribute**
eclectic; artistic integration
column: base, (fluted) shaft, capital
architectonic

EGYPT
kingdoms/dynasties
Pre-Dynastic Period - pre 3100 BCE
Early Dynastic - c. 3100-2686 BCE
Palette of Narmer** (Menes?)
hieratic scale/composition
twisted pose/conceptual viewpoint
canon of proportion
Old Kingdom - c. 2686-2181 BCE
Zet
mastaba, sarcophagus, serdab
necropolis
engaged column
Saqqara
Djoser (Imhotep) (Stepped Pyramid**)
Pyramids: Khufu, Khafra, Menkaura
Giza (Gizeh)
ka, Khafra, Menkaura and Queen**
Ti**
dry fresco
Middle Kingdom
"reserve" columns
rock cut tomb
Beni Hasan
Senusret III**
New Kingdom
Great Temple Amun
Karnak, Thebes, Luxor
Amon, Mut, Khons
pylon (of Rameses II**)
axial, processional
hypostyle (hall), peristyle court
obelisk, clerestory
Amarna period (sub-period of New Kingdom)
Tel el-Amarna / Akhetaten
Amenhotep IV/Akhenaten (and Family**)
sunken relief
Nefertiti, Tiy
Tutankhamen

INDIA BEFORE 1100 CE
Mohenjo Daro/Harappa (Dravidians)
yogi
Hinduism
- individual soul = atman; universal soul = Brahman = the real and eternal
- samsara - transmigration of soul - reincarnation
- karma - law of cause and effect
- dharma - duties or obligations in life
Buddhism, Siddartha Gautama (Shakyamuni Buddha)
four noble truths / eightfold path
Maurya
yakshi (holding a Fly Whisk**) / yaksha
Ashoka, Lion Capital - axis mundi
lotus, chakra
Shunga
Great Stupa, Sanchi**
mandala, torana
Kushan
Gandhara, Pakistan/Afghanistan (Standing Buddha**)
mudra, lakshana
ushnisha = knot of wisdom, urna = dot
Mahayana Buddhism - boddhisatvas
Mathura
Brahma, Vishnu (Narayana), Shiva
Deogarh (Vishnu Temple**)
garba ghiha / shikara / vimana / mandapa
Elephanta (Shiva), lingam
Early Medieval
Kandariya Mahadeva Temple (Shiva)

CHINESE ART BEFORE 1280
Neolithic
Banpo, oracle bones
Shang
Fang ding**, piece mold casting,
taotie
bilateral symmetry
Zhou
Confucianism - Confucius = Kong Fuzi
Daoism - Laozi
Qin
Shihuangdi (Soldiers**)
mausoleum, terra-cotta, earthenware (ceramic)
calligraphy
Six Dynasties
qi Admonitions** scroll, Gu Kaizhi
Song
Fan Kuan, Travelers Among Mountains and Streams**
Neo-Confucianism = blending/synthesis of Confucian, Daoist, and Buddhist thought
li, qi, yin, yang
shifting/multiple perspectives

Announcements | FA 201 Home Page | Midterm #1 Info | Study Guide