GROWTH AND MATURATION
Physical development across the lifecycle has received relatively little
attention in the literature. The majority of research deals with young
adulthood. More research on growth and maturation is needed!
Anonymous. (1981). Handbook of cross-cultural human development.
New York: Garland STPM Press.
ABSTRACT: Topic discussions include: evaluation of human behavior development;
body size and form among ethnic groups of infants, children, youths, and
adults; a cross-cultural perspective on sex differences and on the female
life cycle, etc.
KEYWORDS: Body size; Child Psychology; Cross-Cultural Comparison; Body form
Anonymous. (1981). Accepting my body: Physical development in
adolescence. Newton, Massachusetts: EDC School and Society Programs.
ABSTRACT: (None)
KEYWORDS: Body image; Adolescent psychology
Anonymous. (1985). Body dimensions of the school population.
London: H.M.S.O.
ABSTRACT: (None)
KEYWORDS: Body size; Body dimensions
Anonymous. (1986). Thin dreams. (Videocassette). Ottawa: The
board.
ABSTRACT: The presentation combines documentary-style interviews with a
dramatic improvisation to explore some of the personal, familial, and societal
issues surrounding the drive toward thinness. Geared toward young women
between the ages of ten and 21 as a tool for both the prevention and treatment
of eating disorders.
KEYWORDS: Body image; Eating disorders
Anonymous. (1988). I hate my body. (Videocassette). Springfield,
Massachusetts: WGBY-TV.
ABSTRACT: Six young female high school students explore their feelings about
themselves. The video also attempts to find out if parental support can
make a difference in creating a positive self-image.
KEYWORDS: Body image; Self-acceptance; Adolescent psychology
Anonymous. (1991). Nobody's perfect. (Videocassette). Fargo,
ND: NDSU Extension Service.
ABSTRACT: The presentation has been designed to help young people to deal
with their perceptions, attitudes and behaviors regarding their physical
appearances.
KEYWORDS: Body image; Self-perception in children
Anonymous. (1993). The perfect body. (Videocassette). Seattle:
Intermedia.
ABSTRACT: The thin body is the cultural ideal for women in western society.
Although this ideal is unrealistic and unhealthy for most women, many women
have turned to dieting, over-exercise, cosmetic surgery, and eating disorders.
This video explores some of the current cultural messages and personal pressures
that entice women to strive for this ideal.
KEYWORDS: Body image
Anonymous. (1993, November). A great body at 20, 30, 40. Glamour,
91, 1993.
ABSTRACT: Stay fit and get more from workouts at any age.
KEYWORDS: Body
Anonymous. (1994). Beyond the looking glass: Self-esteem and body
image. (Videocassette). Human Relations Media.
ABSTRACT: (None)
KEYWORDS: Self-esteem; Adolescence; Body image
Anonymous. (1994). How do you feel about your body. Prevention,
46(1), 75.
ABSTRACT: A woman-to-woman survey
KEYWORDS: Body
Anonymous. (1994). Health: Positive self-image and body image-a crucial
link. Journal, 60(3), 29.
ABSTRACT: (None)
KEYWORDS: Body; Self-image; Body image; Health
Arsuaga, J., Carretero, J. (1994). Multivariate analysis of the sexual
dimorphism of the hip bone in a modern human population and in early hominids.
American Journal of Physical Anthropology., 93(2), 241.
ABSTRACT: (None)
KEYWORDS: Hip bone; Modern human ; Early Humans
Bell, W. (1987). Body size, shape, body composition, and aerobic
power during growth and development: a longitudinal study of physically
active boys 12 to 16 years of age. Doctoral Dissertation, University
of Wales.
ABSTRACT: This thesis has analyzed the results of a longitudinal study between
active and sedentary boys between the ages of 12 and 16 years. Measurements
were taken of body size, shape, body composition, and estimated maximal
oxygen uptake. ... (abridged)
KEYWORDS: Fitness; Growth and Development
Bell, W. (1987). Body size, body composition, and aerobic power
during growth and development: a longitudinal study of physically active
boys 12-16 years of age. Doctoral Dissertation, University of Wales(United
Kingdom).
ABSTRACT: This thesis has analyzed the results of a longitudinal study between
active and sedentary boys between the ages of 12 and 16 years. Measurements
were taken of body size, shape (Heath-Carter somatotype), body composition
(density), and estimated maximal oxygen uptake.
Peak velocity and the age at which it occurred were determined for height,
weight, fat-free mass, fat mass, and maximal oxygen uptake using incremental
and polynomial techniques. No significant differences were found between
active and sedentary boys. ...(abridged)
Heart rates at an oxygen uptake of 1.5 1/min. were lower in active than
sedentary boys, reflecting indirectly the superior fitness levels of active
boys.
KEYWORDS: Body size; Body shape; Body composition; Height; Weight
Fat-free mass/fat mass
Bemben, M. G., Massey, B. H., Bemben, D. A., & Boileau, R. A.
(1995). Age-related patterns in body composition for men aged 20-79 years.
Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 27(2), 264.
ABSTRACT: (None)
KEYWORDS: Body; Body composition
Blyth, D. A. (1981). The effects of physical development on self-image
and satisfaction with body image for early adolescent males. Research
in Community and Mental Health, 2, 43-73.
ABSTRACT: The study measured the height, weight, early pubertal development
and body leanness of 274 White seventh graders. Results indicated that early
pubertal development had some positive effects: subjects who were growing
the fastest had the highest levels of self-esteem once their weight or height
were controlled.
KEYWORDS: Self-esteem
Blyth, D. A., Simmons, R. G., & Zakin, D. F. (1985). Satisfaction
with body image for early adolescent females: The impact of pubertal timing
within different school environments. Journal of Youth and Adolescence,
14(3), 207-225.
ABSTRACT: The study evaluated data on 210 White female sixth graders in
a longitudinal study which followed the subjects from the seventh through
the tenth grades. The study examined the interrelations of school environments,
physical development, and social and psychological development with the
incorporation these changes into body image. Results support the strength
of the cultural ideal of thinness for women, but no other hypothesis had
consistent support. The findings indicated the need to consider a multiplicity
of factors in relation to specific body image dimensions.
KEYWORDS: Self-esteem; Body image; Adolescence
Borms, J. (1965). Relationships between selected maturity, physique,
body size and motor factors and the gross and relative strength of ten,
thirteen, and sixteen year old boys. Unpublished master's thesis, University
of Oregon.
ABSTRACT: (None)
KEYWORDS: Body size; Anthropometry
Brenner, D., & Hindsdale, G. (1978). Body build stereotypes and
self-identification in three age groups of females. Adolescence,
8(52), 551-561.
ABSTRACT: A study to determine the behavioral characteristics that three
different age groups of females frequently associate with different body
types. The study concluded that female students predominantly favor the
mesomorph body profile.
KEYWORDS: Body type; Body image; Physical measurements; Overweight; Body
build
Brodie, D. A., Bagley, K., & Slade, P. D. (1994). Body image
perception in pre- and postadolescent females. Perceptual and Motor Skills,
78(1), 147-154.
ABSTRACT: The study examined whether the process of adolescence is a contributory
factor to ratings of both perceived and ideal body-image (BI). A distorting
mirror and silhouette pictures were used to examine BI in two groups of
59 pre- and 41 postadolescent girls (mean age 9.3 and 14.1 years, respectively).
The subjects' perception of themselves was reasonably accurate, yet both
groups had a significantly slimmer mean ideal BI, irrespective of adolescent
status. Scores from the mirror and the pictures question the assumption
that BI dissatisfaction is a postadolescent phenomenon.
KEYWORDS: Body satisfaction; Body image
Brown, R. D. (1985). Effects of a strength training program on
strength, body composition, and self-concept of females. Dissertation
Abstracts International, 46(09), 2615A, Brigham Young University.
ABSTRACT: The study determined the effects of a strength training program
on strength, body composition, and self-concept in young and mature women.
A sample of 43 subjects completed 12 weeks of weight training, while 42
acted as controls. The mature experimental (ME) and young experimental (YE)
groups showed significant (p<.05) increases in strength as compared to
the control groups. The magnitude of self-concept change was the same for
the ME and YE groups, indicating that this strength program had similar
effects on self-esteem regardless of age.
KEYWORDS: Body weight; Body composition; Self-concept
Brylinksy, J. A., & Moore, J. C. (1994). The identification of
body build stereotypes in young children. Journal of Research in Personality,
28(2), 170.
ABSTRACT: The study applied semantic differential procedures in the identification
of body build stereotypes using 368 kindergarten children through 4th grade.
Subjects rated thin, average, chubby body build drawings of children using
twelve bipolar adjectives. Data reveal a more positive view of the socially
desirable traits of the thin stereotype by girls than boys. The thin stereotype
remains constant across age while the unfavorable perception of the chubby
stereotype appears between 1st and 2nd grade.
KEYWORDS: Body cathexis; Body build
Bunnell, D. W., Cooper, P. J., Hertz, S., & Shenker, I. R. (1992).
Body shape concerns among adolescents. International Journal of Eating
Disorders, 11(1), 79-83.
ABSTRACT: A body shape questionnaire (BSQ) of 5 adolescent samples (anorexia
nervosa, bulimia nervosa/BN, subclinical BN, subclinical anorexia nervosa,
non-eating-disordered adolescent female controls) was administered. Results
show that subjects with BN had the highest levels of body dissatisfaction.
Significant body shape concerns are particular features of patients with
BN, but some body shape concerns are common among non-eating-disordered
adolescent females.
KEYWORDS: Body shape
Caruso, B. W. (1978). Body image and self-esteem in black and
white boys in elementary school. Unpublished master's thesis, California
State University, Northridge.
ABSTRACT: (None)
KEYWORDS: Self-esteem; Body image
Casey, V. A., Dwyer, J. T., Coleman, K. A., & Valadin, I. (1992).
Body mass index from children to middle age: A 50 year follow up. American
Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 56(1), 14-18.
ABSTRACT: The tracking of body mass index (BMI) over a 50 year period in
a longitudinal study was examined by using both correlation coefficients
and the Foulkes-Davis tracking index. Over the long term, BMIs before maturity
were poor predictors of middle-aged BMI status in females, but were good
predictors males. The prediction of ponderosity in middle age from BMIs
early in life is more reliable for males than for females.
KEYWORDS: Body Size; Body weight; Sex differences
Cash, T. F., & Green, G. K. (1986). Body weight and body image
among college women: Perception, cognition, and affect. Journal of Personality
Assessment, 50(2), 290-301.
ABSTRACT: The study recruited 36 female undergraduates with stable body
weights. Each subject was asked to respond to a general weight information
questionnaire and the Body-Self Relations Questionnaire, a standardized
instrument assessing affective, cognitive, and behavioral components of
appearance-related body image. A newly developed apparatus and procedure
for estimating body size, the Body Image Detection Device (G.A. Ruff and
B.A. Barrios) was utilized for perceptual and cognitive measures of body
image. Findings suggest that the perceptual, affective, and cognitive components
of body image differed as a function of body weight, but the nature of the
differences varied with the measure employed.
KEYWORDS: Body size; Body weight; Body image
Cavanaugh Fowler, B. (1983). The relationship between body image
perception and weight status in the adolescent female. Unpublished master's
thesis, University of Cincinnati.
ABSTRACT:(None)
KEYWORDS: Body weight; Body image; Adolescent female
Chinn, S., Rona, R., Gulliford, M., & Hammond, J. (1992). Weight-for-height
in children aged 4-14 years. A new index compared to the normalized body
mass index. European Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 046(7), 489.
ABSTRACT:(None)
KEYWORDS: Weight; Height; Children; Normal
Chopra, D. (1994). Ageless body, timeless mind. (Cassette
Recording). Niles, Illinois: Nightingale-Conant.
ABSTRACT:(Breaking the myths of aging, ten new assumptions about the body,
reinterpreting the body, the healing power of awareness, exercises for using
the power of awareness, etc.
KEYWORDS: Body
Chow, L. W. C. (1944). A study of the height and weight of Chinese
school children in some northern California cities. Unpublished master's
thesis, University of Pacific, Stockton, California.
ABSTRACT: (None)
KEYWORDS: Body weight; Stature; Chinese American Children
Chumlea, W. C., Roche, A. F., & Webb, P. (1984). Body size, subcutaneous
fatness and total body fat in older adults. International Journal of
Obesity, 8(4), 311-317.
ABSTRACT: A study of the relationships among several measures of body size
and subcutaneous fat (SF) to estimates of total and percentage body fat
(from body density measurements) were conducted on a study group of 21 females
and 24 males, ages 54-85. The results show that men had larger body sizes
and significantly less percentage body fat and arm and leg SF than women.
No differences in trunk SF or total body fat were noted between sexes.
KEYWORDS: Body size; Body fat
Cohn, L. D., & Adler, N. E. (1992). Female and male perceptions
of ideal body shapes: Distorted view among Caucasian college students. Psychology
of Women Quarterly, 16(1), 69-79.
ABSTRACT: The study examined whether women estimate the desirability of
thin figures among female peers. Using body silhouettes, 87 college women
and 118 college men indicated the size of their own body figure, their ideal
figure, the figure most attractive to other sex peers, and the figure most
attractive the same sex peers. Findings show the female silhouette that
women selected as most attractive to same sex peers was significantly thinner
than the silhouette that women actually selected as most desirable. College
men also misjudged the body preference of the same sex peers, exaggerating
the extent to which other men perceived large physiques as ideal and desirable.
KEYWORDS: Body size; Body image
Cooper, D. M., Poage, J., Barstow, T. J., & Springer, C. (1990).
Are obese children truly unfit: Minimizing the confounding effect of body
size on the exercise response. The Journal of Pediatrics, 116(2),
223-230.
ABSTRACT: The study tested the hypothesis that obese children are unfit
in terms of abnormal responses to exercise testing consistent with reduced
levels of habitual physical activity. Using a new analytic strategies, the
study found that child's obesity is not a reliable indicator of poor fitness
but that testing cardiorespiratory responses to exercise can be used to
identify subjects with serious impairment and to individualize therapy.
KEYWORDS: Body size; Obesity; Physical activity; Respiration rate
Curtis-Korstange, K. G. (1989). Increasing body image satisfaction
in normal adolescent females. Unpublished master's thesis, Western Michigan
University.
ABSTRACT: (None)
KEYWORDS: Body image; Adolescence
Davies, E., & Furnham, A. (1986). Body satisfaction in adolescent
girls. British Journal of Medical Psychology, 59(3), 279-287.
ABSTRACT: The study examined body satisfaction in 4 age groups of 182 female
British adolescents. Overall satisfaction with 9 body features declined
from age 12 to 18 years, particularly upper thigh, buttocks, and stomach
measurements. Results suggest that body satisfaction declines during adolescence
and is linked to psychological self-esteem and excessive dieting.
KEYWORDS: Body weight; Body satisfaction
De Ridder, C., Thijssen, J., Bruning, P., Van den Brande, J., & Zonderland,
M. (1992). Body fat mass, body fat distribution, and pubertal development:
a longitudal study of physical and hormonal sexual maturation of girls.
The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism, 75(2), 422.
ABSTRACT: (None)
KEYWORDS: Body
Devlin, D. I. (1990). Attitude toward physical activity and body
image of more and less active older adults. Unpublished master's thesis,
Washington State University, Pullman.
ABSTRACT: (None)
KEYWORDS: Body image; Physical fitness; Self-perception
Dipietro, L., Caspersen, C. J., Ostfeld, A. M., & Nadel, E. R.
(1993). A survey for assessing physical activity among older adults. Medicine
and Science in Sports and Exercise, 25(5), 628-642.
ABSTRACT: The study administered the Yale Physical Activity Survey (YPAS)
to 222 healthy older volunteers (aged 60-86 years) to establish its 2-week
repeatability and relative validity. For subjects in the validation substudy
weekly energy expenditure and daily hours spent sitting, correlated with
resting disatolic blood pressure, while YPAS activity dimension summary
index correlated positively with estimated VO-sub(2max) and inversely with
percent body fat. The YPAS index of vigorous activity also correlated positively
with estimated VO-sub(2max), and the moving index correlated marginally
with body mass index.
KEYWORDS: Body; Exercise; Test-validity
Dupler, T. L. (1991). The effects of a weight training program
on an active elderly population. Unpublished master's thesis, University
of Houston.
ABSTRACT: A total of 20 active elderly subjects (mean age = 66.4 years)
participated in a 12 week training program were recruited. The male subjects
(n=11) saw a 65.1% increase in total maximum weight lifted while the females
saw a 72.2% increase. This study demonstrated the positive effects an exercise
training regimen can have on an elderly population.
KEYWORDS: Body weight; Weight training program; Elderly
Education., A. A. O. P. (1988). Physical activity and aging: Sixtieth
annual meeting, Kansas City, Missouri, April 5-6, 1988. Human kinetics
books for the American Academy of physical education.
ABSTRACT: (None)
KEYWORDS: Physical activity; Aging
Evans, W. J. (1995). 27 effects of exercise on body composition and
functional capacity in the elderly. The Journals of Gerontology, Series
A: Biological Sciences and Medical Sciences, 50, 147.
ABSTRACT: (None)
KEYWORDS: Body; Body composition; Elderly
Evans, J., & le-Grange, D. (1995). Body size and parenting in
eating disorders: A comparative study of the attitudes of mothers toward
their children. International Journal of Eating Disorders, 18(1),
39-48.
ABSTRACT: The effects of maternal eating disorders (EDs) on mother's and
offspring's body image, child feeding practices, and psychosocial development
were examined by asking ten previous and /or current ED mothers and their
children (mean age 8.98 yrs) and ten normal mothers and their offspring
(mean age 7.8 yrs) to complete several rating scales and participate in
a semistructured interview. Both groups and their children displayed similar
levels of satisfaction with their body sizes and perceived their current
weights and shape with a similar degree of accuracy.
KEYWORDS: Body size; Body image; Body shape
Freeman, D. (1984). Beautiful bodies. Book, , 45.
ABSTRACT: (None)
KEYWORDS: Animals; Plants; Body, human; Morphology; Physiology
Frisch, R. E. (1969). Variations in body weights and the age of
the adolescent growth spurt among Latin American and Asian population, in
relation to calorie supplies. Cambridge, Massachusetts: Center for Population
Studies, Harvard University.
ABSTRACT: (None)
KEYWORDS: Body weight
Frisch, R. E. (1969). The height and weight of adolescent boys
and girls at the time of peak velocity of growth in height and weight: Longitudinal
data. Cambridge, Massachusetts: Center for Population Studies, Harvard
University.
ABSTRACT: (None)
KEYWORDS: Body weight; Body size; Teenagers
Gerver, W. J. M., De Bruin, R., & Blanco, C. E. (1994). Body
proportions of the infant. Biometrical Journal, 36(6), 759.
ABSTRACT: (None)
KEYWORDS: Body; Body proportion
Guyot, G., Fairchild, L., Hill, M. (1981). Physical fitness, sport
participation, body build, and self-concept of elementary school children.
International Journal of Sport Psychology, 12(2).
ABSTRACT: Assessed the relationships of sport participation, body build,
and self-concept in 50 boys and 68 girls in 4th-6th grade scoring below
the 50th percentile and in 87 boys and 88 girls scoring above the 70th percentile
on the Texas Fitness-monitor ability test. ... (abridge)
KEYWORDS: Physical fitness; Sport participation; Body build; Self concept
Hamill, P. V. V. (1972). Height and weight of children: Socioeconomic
status, United States. Rockville: US Department of Health, Education,
and Welfare, Public Health Service.
ABSTRACT: (None)
KEYWORDS: Body weight; Body height; Socioeconomic factors
Hamill, P. V. V. (1972). Height and weight of children: United
States. Rockville: US Department of Health, Education, and Welfare,
Public Health Service, Health services and Mental Health Administration.
ABSTRACT: Height and weight measurements by age, sex, race, and geographic
region of the country for children 6 through 11 years of age in the US
KEYWORDS: Body size; Body weight
Hamill, P. V. V. (1973). Height and weight of youths, 12-17 years,
United States. Rockville: National Center for Health Statistics.
ABSTRACT: (None)
KEYWORDS: Body size
Hamill, P. V. V. (1973). Body weight, stature, and sitting height:
White and Negro youths 12-17 years, United States. Rockville: National
Center for Health Statistics.
ABSTRACT: (None)
KEYWORDS: Body size; Body weight; Body height; Infancy and childhood
Hasumi, A. (1963). Standard tables of weight and chest measurement
in school children. (2nd ed.). Tokyo: Daiichi Shuppan.
ABSTRACT: (None)
KEYWORDS: Body weight; Anthropometry
Hathaway, M. L. (1957). Heights and weights of children and youth
in the United States. Washington, DC: Institute of Home Economics, US
Agricultural Research Service.
ABSTRACT: (None)
KEYWORDS: Body weight; Body height
Hindmarch, R. G. (1962). Significance of physique, maturational,
body size, strength, motor ability, and reaction time characteristics of
eight year old boys. Unpublished doctoral dissertation, University of
Oregon.
ABSTRACT: (None)
KEYWORDS: Body size
Jarvie, G. J., Lahey, B. B., Graziano, W., & Framer, E. (1983).
Childhood obesity and social stigma: What we know and we don't know. Developmental
Review, 3(3), 237-273.
ABSTRACT: The study reviews evidence for the development of social stigma
associated with body build in childhood. Studies that have noted disturbances
in self-concept and body image have sampled clinical populations (youngsters
seeking medically supervised reduction); and those studies that have examined
nonclinical populations have not found psychological difficulties.
KEYWORDS: Self-esteem; Body image; Obesity; Body build
Kautz, L., & Harrison, G. G. (1981). Comparison of body proportions
of one-year-old Mexican-American and Anglo children. American Journal
of Public Health, 71(3), 280-282.
ABSTRACT: The body proportions of 95 Anglo and Mexican-American children,
aged 48-56 weeks, in the Women, Infants and Children (WIC) Special Supplemental
Food Program were determined by use of multiple anthropometric measurements.
Ethnic differences define the Mexican-American child as being greater in
weight-for-length than the Anglo child with greater chest and thigh circumstance.
KEYWORDS: Body type; Body measurement; Anthropometric measurements; Racial
differences
Lang, M. M. (1994). Height and weight of children enrolled in
two rural Ohio head start programs: A comparison to the national standards.
Unpublished master's thesis, Ohio University.
ABSTRACT: (None)
KEYWORDS: Body weight; Children and nutrition
Lorenzo, A. D., Andreoli, A., Sorge, R., Bonamico, M., Bedogni, G., Battistini,
N., & Barra, P. F. (1995). Comparison of body weight, body height,
and body fatness of Italian children aged 6-12 years with American standards.
Minerva Pediatrica, 47(4), 101.
ABSTRACT: (None)
KEYWORDS: Body; Body weight; Body height; Body fatness
Malina, R. M. (1983). Human growth, maturation, and regular physical
activity. Acta Medica Auxologica, 15(1), 5-27.
ABSTRACT: The study examined the effects of regular physical activity (PA)
on selected aspect of physical growth, biological maturation, and specific
bodily tissues. Results show that regular PA has no effect either on stature
in growing individuals or on biological maturation as commonly assessed
in growth studies. Regular PA is a significant factor in the regulation
of body weight and composition and in the growth and integrity of skeletal
and muscle tissue. The role of regular PA in the development of adipose
tissue cellularity is not clearly established, although regular PA does
reduce fatness.
KEYWORDS: Body weight; Physical activity
Malina, R. M., Zavaleta, A. N., & Little, B. B. (1987). Body
size, fatness, and leanness of Mexican-American children in Brownsville,
Texas: Changes between 1972 and 1983. American Journal of Public Health,
77(5), 573-577.
ABSTRACT: Changes in the height, weight, body mass index, triceps, skinfold,
and arm and estimated mid-arm muscle circumferences in lower socioeconomic
Mexican-American children ages 6-17 were documented on the basis of surveys
done in 1972 and 1983. With exception of height in youths ages 14-17, all
parameters show gains at most ages, and an increase in fatness.
KEYWORDS: Body size; Body fat ; Anthropometric dimensions; Socioeconomic
status
Mazariegos, M., Wang, Z.-m., Gallagher, D., Baumgartner, R. N., &
Allison, D. B. (1994). Differences between young and old females in
the five levels of body composition and their relevance to the two-compartment
chemical model. Journal of Gerontology, 49(5), M201.
ABSTRACT: (None)
KEYWORDS: Body
McLaughlin, W. (1983). The effects of an age-specific exercise
program on aerobic capacity, body composition, body image, and exercise
behavior in 42-77 year-old women. Unpublished doctoral dissertation,
University of Maryland College Park.
ABSTRACT: The study examined the relationship between fitness level alteration
and body image change, the effect of body image change on independent adherence
to an exercise behavior, and the exercise protocol necessary to produce
an increase in fitness levels in older women. The subjects were 42 women
(42-77 years) who participated in an exercise program meeting for 1-2 hours,
3 times a week, for 8 weeks. Regression equations revealed that aerobic
capacity and body composition were not significant predictors of body image
and that all three of these variables were not significant predictors of
exercise behavior. The study concluded that an increase in fitness level
will produce an increase in personal body image.
KEYWORDS: Body weight; Body composition; Body image
McLean, F. P. (1979). The process of aging related to body cathexis
and to clothing satisfaction. Dissertation Abstracts International,
39(07), 3260B, Utah State University.
ABSTRACT: (None)
KEYWORDS: Body cathexis; Clothing satisfaction
Meleshi, B. (1980). Growth, maturity, body composition, and familial
characteristics of competitive swimmers, 8 to 18 years of age.
ABSTRACT: (None)
KEYWORDS: Growth
Meredith, H. V. (1948). Body size in infancy and childhood: A comparative
study of data from Okinawa, France, South Africa, and North America. Child
Development, 19(4), 179-195.
ABSTRACT: (None)
KEYWORDS: Body size; Infancy; Childhood
Meredith, H. V. (1969). Physical growth record for boys. Chicago:
American Medical Association.
ABSTRACT: (None)
KEYWORDS: Body size; Anthropometry; Body weight
Meredith, H. V. (1969). Physical growth record for girls. Chicago:
American Medical Association.
ABSTRACT: (None)
KEYWORDS: Body weight; Anthropometry; Body size
Miller, M. P. (1993). Overweight experience of the older Black
woman. Unpublished doctoral dissertation, University of Miami.
ABSTRACT: (None)
KEYWORDS: Body image; Obesity
Milne, N. (1990). Sexing of human hip bones. Journal of Anatomy,
172, 221.
ABSTRACT: (None)
KEYWORDS: Hips
Min, Q. W., Downey, G. S., Perko, M. A., & Yesalis, C. E. (1993).
Changes in body size of elite high school football players: 1963-1989. Perceptual
and Motor Skills, 76(2), 379-383.
ABSTRACT: (None)
KEYWORDS: Body; Body size
Moore, L. L., Nguyen, U.-S. D. T., Rothman, K. J., Cupples, L. A., &
Ellison, R. C. (1995). Preschool physical activity level and change
in body fatness in young children: The Framingham children's study. American
Journal of Epidemiology, 142(9), 982.
ABSTRACT: (None)
KEYWORDS: Body; Physical activity; Body fatness
Nuti, R., Martini, G., & Gennari, C. (1995). Age-related changes
of whole skeleton and body composition in healthy men. Calcified Tissue
International, 57(5), 336.
ABSTRACT: (None)
KEYWORDS: Body; Body composition
Ochsner, A. (1976). Aging. Journal of the American Geriatrics
Society, 24(9), 385 - 393.
ABSTRACT: Enumerates 3 principal factors that accelerate aging in the human:
tobacco use, lack of exercise, and obesity. Aging is described as a natural
phenomenon in both animate and inanimate objects, and it is pointed out
that good maintenance of an apparatus, machine, or the human body assures
long, successful function, whereas poor care and abuse cause rapid deterioration
and poor function.
KEYWORDS: Aging; Exercise; Obesity
Osterback, L. (1992). Growth and development of children actively
engaged in sports: A five-year follow-up in puberty. Dissertation Abstracts
International, 53(02), 274C, Kuopion Yliopisto.
ABSTRACT: Subjects, consisted of physically active and passive children,
54 girls and 68 boys, and were interviewed about participation in sports,
a physician's estimation of physical development of the breast, public hair
and genitalia, and the volume of testes, as well as anthropometric measurements
(height, weight, sitting height, sum of four skinfolds, circumference of
right upper arm and thigh). It was concluded that the sexual development
and bone age of the top-level athletes of both sexes was retarded and that
the differences seen in height development were the result of the late onset
of puberty. The differences seemed to be caused by genetic factors rather
than by the effect of sports training.
KEYWORDS: Body weight; Physical activity; Puberty
Osterback, L. L. (1992). Growth and development of children actively
engaged in sports: A five-year follow-up in puberty. Dissertation Abstracts
International, 53(02), 274C, Kuopion Yliopisto.
ABSTRACT: Subjects, consisted of physically active and passive children,
54 girls and 68 boys, and were interviewed about participation in sports,
a physician's estimation of physical development of the breast, public hair
and genitalia, and the volume of testes, as well as anthropometric measurements
(height, weight, sitting height, sum of four skinfolds, circumference of
right upper arm and thigh). It was concluded that the sexual development
and bone age of the top-level athletes of both sexes was retarded and that
the differences seen in height development were the result of the late onset
of puberty. The differences seemed to be caused by genetic factors rather
than by the effect of sports training.
KEYWORDS: Body weight; Physical activity; Puberty
Palti, H., Strozzi, B., & Avitzour, M. (1982). Growth pattern
of children in a Moslem semirural community near Jerusalem. Journal of
Epidemiology and Community Health, 36(3), 187-191.
ABSTRACT: Subjects were 404 who were weighed less Jerusalem and the National
Centre of Health Statistics populations at birth and subsequently at 1,
6,12, and 24 month of age. The percentage of girls below the 10th centile
was less than that of boys, suggesting that no discriminative pattern in
feeding practices exists by sex. The genetic and environmental effects on
growth as well as the effect of the mother and child health services on
the childrearing patterns of the populations are discussed.
KEYWORDS: Body weight
Prothro, J. W., & Rosenbloom, C. A. (1995). Body measurements
of Black and White elderly persons with emphasis on body composition. Gerontology,
41(1), 22.
ABSTRACT: (None)
KEYWORDS: Body; Body composition; Body measurement
Raiwet, C. (1990). As long as we have health: The experience of
age-related physical change for rural elderly couples. Unpublished master's
thesis, University of Alberta.
ABSTRACT: The purpose of the study was to understand the meaning of physical
changes to a group of elderly couples living in a remote area of northern
Alberta. Unstructured, open-ended face to face interviews with 11 couples
were conducted. Maintaining health was the informants' goal. Informants
used strategies such minimizing and altering expectations and priorities
in order to match what they were able to do with what they wanted to do.
If the matching was successful, people perceived themselves as healthy.
KEYWORDS: Body weight; Physical change; Elderly
Ray, G. G., Ghosh, S., & Atreya, V. (1995). An anthropometric
survey of Indian school children aged 3-5 years. Applied Ergonomics,
26(1), 67-72.
ABSTRACT: 81 body dimensions were taken from 198 children (aged 3-5 yrs)
to facilitate the design of school furniture, work space layout, and other
components of daily life, thus minimizing biomechanical, circulatory, and
visual problems. A standard Martin-type anthropometer was used. Results
show that both body height and vertical dimensions and body weight and horizontal
dimensions can be used to determine different body dimensions of other children
of that particular age group if their stature or body weight is known.
KEYWORDS: Body weight; Physical development; Body height
Redmond, R. (1991). Effects of strength training on muscle mass
and musculoskeletal injury in middle aged and older men. Unpublished
doctoral dissertation, University of Maryland College Park.
ABSTRACT: An investigation of the effects of strength training on strength,
muscle cross sectional area and injury in middle aged and older men were
administered among 22 sedentary male subjects between the ages of 50 and
69 years volunteered to either a training (N=15) or control (N=7) group.
These results indicate that older men can safely participate in a strength
training program intense enough to promote a substantial increase in strength
and muscle hypertrophy. A strength training program will allow older men
to exercise at the same absolute or same relative workload after training
with a reduced risk of disrupting musculoskeletal tissue.
KEYWORDS: Body weight; Training; Elderly
Reilly, J. J., Murray, L. A., Wilson, J., & Durnin, J. V. G. A.
(1994). Measuring of the body composition of elderly subjects: A comparison
of methods. The British Journal of Nutrition, 72(1), 33.
ABSTRACT: (None)
KEYWORDS: Body; Body composition; Elderly
Roberts, J. (1983). Weight by height and age of adults, United
States, 1960-1962. Washington, DC: US Department of Health, Education,
and Welfare, Public Health Service.
ABSTRACT: (None)
KEYWORDS: Weight; Height
Roche, A. F. (1992). Growth, maturation, and body composition:
The Fels longitudinal study, 1929-1991. New York: Cambridge University
Press.
ABSTRACT: Bibiliographical references include; familial and genetic studies,
physical growth, development and standardization of anthropometric methods,
age changes in anthropometric variables, methods of growth assessment, prediction
of adult stature, skeletal maturation, physical maturation and development.
KEYWORDS: Body mass; Body composition; Anthropometry
Rodriguez, G. P. (1991). A survey of statural changes with age
in the adult population of the United States. Unpublished doctoral dissertation,
The University of Texas H.S.C., Houston.
ABSTRACT: A study of the patterns of height loss with age in the Anglo,
Black, and Mexican-American populations of the US The study was based on
data gathered by the US Public Health Service in the Second National Health
and Nutrition Examination Survey and the Hispanic Health and Nutrition Examination
Survey. Estimates of height loss were obtained by subtracting present stature
from a calculated maximum attained height derived from sex- and race/ethnic
-specific regression equations relating stature to subischial length. The
most important determinants of the magnitude of height loss with age were
sex and ethnicity. Anglo women have greater height losses than Anglo, Black,
or Mexican-American males, and Black or Mexican-American females. Standing
height, sitting height, body mass index, and the Poverty Index were found
to be negatively correlated with height loss.
KEYWORDS: Body weight; Height loss
Shoup, R. (1987). Growth and aging in the Manus of Pere village,
Manus province, Papua New Guinea: a mixed longitudal and secular perspective.
Doctoral Dissertation, University of Texas, Austin.
ABSTRACT: The present study considers the size, physique and body composition
of children, youth and adults in Pere Village, Manus Province, Papua New
Guinea in 1980. Several anthropometric dimensions and somatotype data from
present study are compared to reference data for the U. S., to several samples
from other areas of Papua New Guinea, and to similar data collected in Pere
in 1954, 1966, 1968, 1971, and 1975. ... (abridged)
KEYWORDS: Body type; Growth; Aging
Silver, A., Guillen,C., Kahl, M., & Morley, J. (1993). Effects
of aging on body fat. Journal of the American Geriatrics Society.,
41(3), 211.
ABSTRACT: (None)
KEYWORDS: Aging; Body; Body Fat
Slaughter, M., Christ, C., Boileau, R., & Stillman, R. (1993).
Differences in the fat-free body to height relationship among young, older
and mature adults. World Review of Nutrition and Dietetics, 71, 187-187.
ABSTRACT: (None)
KEYWORDS: Body; Height; Age; Fat
Smith, R. J. (1968). Relationships between gross and relative
strength and the maturity, physique type, body size, and motor ability elements
of boys seven, nine, twelve, fifteen and seventeen years of age. Oregon,
Dept. of Physical Education.
ABSTRACT: (None)
KEYWORDS: Body size
Stenson, J. (1994, June). The good news about your body fat at
20, 30, 40, 50, 60, 70. Self, 16, 166.
ABSTRACT: (None)
KEYWORDS: Body; Body fat
Stevens, J., Gautam, S. P., & Keil, J. E. (1993). Body mass index
and fat patterning as correlated of lipids and hypertension in an elderly,
biracial population. Journal of Gerontology, 48(6), M249-M254.
ABSTRACT: (None)
KEYWORDS: Body; Body mass index; Elderly
Storey, R. W. (1941). Relationship between body measurements,
body weight Wood-Baldwin tables and the Quimby weight formula. Unpublished
master's thesis, Southwest Texas State University.
ABSTRACT: (None)
KEYWORDS: Body weight; Stature; Teenage boys
Stravato, J. A. (1992). Physical activity patterns and body composition
in young and older adults. Unpublished master's thesis, University of
Rhode Island.
ABSTRACT: (None)
KEYWORDS: Body; Exercise; Physiology; Physical activity
Summerfield, L. M. (1989). Resting metabolic rates in child-onset
and adult-onset obese women. Unpublished doctoral dissertation, University
of Maryland College Park.
ABSTRACT: The study investigates differences in resting metabolic rate (RMR)
between obese and nonobese females and between females with adult and childhood
onset obesity. Subjects were 18 healthy, Caucasian women, ages 20-38 years,
6 from each of 3 groups: nonobese with no history of obesity, child-onset
obese (COO), and adult-onset obese. Subjects were administered 3 measures:
RMR by indirect calorimetry, residual lung volume, and hydrostatic weighing.
Results indicate that, in all groups, more of variance in RMR was explained
when the variables, activity and exercise, were used in addition to the
variables, FM and FFM. The effect of activity and exercise on explained
variance in RMR was much smaller in COO women. Results also show that obese
women, especially COO, may be more metabolically efficient than nonobese
women.
KEYWORDS: Body weight; Obesity
Sun, H., & Jensen, R. (1994). Body segment growth during infancy.
Journal of Biomechanics, 27(3), 265.
ABSTRACT: (None)
KEYWORDS: Body; Infancy
Symposium on Size at Birth. (1974). Size at birth. New York:
Elsevier.
ABSTRACT: (None)
KEYWORDS: Body size; Body weight; Birth weight; Infant newborn
Thies, T. J. (1989). Estimation of body density using girth and
diameter measurements in an obese female population. Unpublished master's
thesis, Kearney State University.
ABSTRACT: (None)
KEYWORDS: Body weight; Anthropometry
Thogersen, B. (1981). Development of regression equations for
predicting body density, percent body fat, and lean body mass in prepubescent
females age 7-11. Unpublished master's thesis, University of Wisconsin,
La Crosse.
ABSTRACT: (None)
KEYWORDS: Body mass; Body composition
Watanabe, S., Shibata, H., & Yasumura, S. (1995). Longitudinal
changes for fifteen years in physical build and body composition of city
elderly people. Nihon Eiseigaku Zasshi, 50(1), 8-18.
ABSTRACT: (None)
KEYWORDS: Body build; Body composition; Elderly people
White, D. R., Mauro, K., & Spindler, J. (1985). Development of
body type salience: Implications for early childhood educators; Special
issue: Early childhood education. International Review of Applied Psychology,
34(4), 433-442.
ABSTRACT: The study assessed developmental changes in the degree to which
211 3-12 year olds organized information on the basis of body weight when
alternative dimensions for categorization were available. Some subjects
(186) also received an affiliative-preference measure. Data are consistent
with the idea that preschoolers are cognitively primed to notice differences
in body weight type and to use body weight as a dimension to categorize
peers.
KEYWORDS: Body weight; Body type
Zamboni, M., Armellini, F., Milani, M., De Marchi, M., & Todesco,
T. (1992). Body fat distribution in pre- and post- menopausal women:
metabolic and anthropometric variables and their interrelationships. International
journal of obesity, 16(7), 495.
ABSTRACT: (None)
KEYWORDS: Body fat; Pre- & post-menopausal women